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Section 3.,
PL21JI`lS;
a.- 911 permits for the erection, alteration, repair;
enlargement,.moving or removing, or otherwise changing in anywise,
any building,. structure or part thereof, already existing or to
be hereafter erected, or any wall, chimney, flue,- foundation,
retaining wall, platform, staging, flooring, stand, engine,
boiler, furnace, bake -oven, machinery, elevator, tank, sprinkler
system,' -fixed counters 'or shelving, cutting any opening in any
wall,_ partition, floor or roof, any sign or bill board, any fence
over five feet high, merry-go-round, toboggan, scenic railway,
or similar amusement device, -and any other apparatus.or parts
thereof which may affect sa.fety'of persons and property gZe subject
them to risk through structural defects, or dangerfrom fire or
ex osion, shall be issued by .the building inspector, on blank
forms fuznished by the city and kept in his office for that
purpose, ,and no work or construction of any description for which
a permit is required shall be commenced or continued without such
a permit and the number thereof displayed in a conspicuous manner
and place on the lot or building, together with the street number
of the building or structure; and any person or persons who shall
start or commence or continue, . or cause to be started or commenced
or continued any work or, operations of any description for which
a permit is required herein, without first obtaining such permit
and in all other respects complying with. the provisions of this
ordinance, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and punished by
fine of not less than Five nos more than One Hundred Dollars.
b.- 911 buildings and structures of every character
shall be built and constructed in conformity with the street grade,
and before any building or structure of any character shall be
constructed or the construc�,ioh thereof commenced, the proper
street grade shall -be obtained from the City Engineer.
c.- If any work of any description for which a permit is
reauired shall be commenced or constructed, in violation of any
of the provisions. of this code, or any rule or regulation
promulgated _.hereunder, the General Building Inspector shall
forthwith revoke such permit, by serving written notice upon
the owner, agent, architect, contractor or the person, in charge
of such work, of the revocation of such permit, and it shall
thereafter be unlawful 'for such work to be resumed, unless aald
until such permit .shall have been reinstated, and .no such permit
in such case shall be reinstated until the entire work for which
such permit was . issued shall first have been put into condition
corresponding with tine terms of this code and the rules and regula-
tions promulgated under this code and all materials applied in
violation of such requirements shall have been removed.
r d.- :hermits will not be required for papering, painting,
glazing; screening doors and windows of old or existing buildings.
e.- Fees for pel.-wits sh�311 be based on a total cost of
the work involved and shall include the cost of al.l labor,
materials, heating, gleetrica.l Work, and such permanent mechanical
equipment installed ,in buildings as elevators, sprinkler systems
fire fighting apparatus; shelving and permanent fixtures.
Where old or secondhand materials are to be used, or an
owner, agent or con.tractor proposes to do the labor, an estimate
of materials or labor, or both, shall be submitted, in the appli-
cation for --a permit.
2.
q-, CC 4-
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f. The fees for all permits wider this code ,shall be
based upon the following table of fees and paid before any such
permit shall issue, towit:
TABLE . 0 F FEES FOR PERMITS:
The following fees shall obtain under this ordinance:,
Operations -Costing Fee
p 25.00 to '50.00 0.25
50.00 IT 99.00 .0.50
100.00 IT 500.00 1.00
501.00 IT
_ 1000.00 2.00
1001.00 " 2000.00 3.-00
2001.00 " 3000.00 4.00
3001.00 4000.00 5.00
-4001.00 5000.00 6.00
5001.00 IT
6000..00 7.00
6001.00. IT 7000.00, 8.00
7001.00 8000.00 9.00
8001.00 " 9000.00 10.00
next 10000.00 a charge of - - 75 per . thousand addn 1
rr1000.00 and. up .50 rr rr rr
A fee of X1.00 shall be charged for house moving and for the
erecting .of signs, bill boards, boilers, elevators, and bake ovens,
,where same are not included in new buildings.
g. Outside of District A, as hereinafter established,
ordinary repairs of buildings or structures, the character of which
does not exceed i�ifteen P%15.00) Dollars may be made without a
permit; provided. that no such repairs shall include the removal
of any wall or pdrt thereof, the removal, cutting or replacing of
any beams or. supports, or the removal, changing or closing of any
stairway, or opening in any wall, partition, floor or roof, or any
work on any flue or chimney; but within District A a permit shall
be obtained for all work and repairs of every description, and the
number card displayed,- as elsewhere provided for.
h.- Ever) pei-mi.t. issued hereunder shall be and shall be
deemed -to be automatically csnceled if active work .thereunder is
not in good faith commenced within three months from date. o.f .the
issuance thereof, but such permit may be reinstated one . time, 'and
no more, without cost, provided that no conditions shall have
arisen in the me an time which would have -prevented the issuance
of such pe mit in- the first instance.
i..- The duration of all pel•mi is shall be governed by the
estimated cost of the proposed str-ucture,.and shall -not exceed
a period of five months for a building costing less than Five
Thousand dollars, twelve months for a building. costing from
Five. Thousand Dollars to One- Hundred • Thousand Dollars,, and riot to
exceed eighteen. months •for buildings costing over One Hundred
Thousand Dollars; provided thA permits may be renewed •one time
during the progres's of the work without cost; provided; further,
however, that no such renewal shall give the right to •the use of
any part of the ,streets or sidewalks.
3.
PLAINS AND SPECIFICt;TIOIdS :
a.- For - the erection,.,a.lteration or remodeling of any
building. or str.u'cture costing more than $3000.00 located within the
City of Beaumont-; except within District A,, there''shall be filed
with the General Building Inspector .a complete .set of plans and
speeificat'ions to be retained by him until such buildings hag:'been
completed and 6iQpr.oved. When reatired by *.the General Building,
Inspector, such .''application• shall_ also be aec.ompanied by a strain
.sheet showing th-e- weights carried by the- `.several supports, including
columns; :posts, girders, lintels floors-, foundati-ons, footings
and other structural- parts, When the `building is fully loaded,, and
the safe loads' said supports, etc., will carry. The application
for a permit for .any neer building or. structure shall .contain a
complete description of the kind'and size of such building, the
chaxac.ter of- material to b'e. used, the ground, area to be covered,
and the riet cubical contents of such building.
No permit shall ,ever lie issued unless_ ..and until,
sail - plans, specifications and, statement have been so filed and' .
approved;; and the work, when proceeded with, -'shall be, done in
accordance with such plans,; spe,cificat,ions' and statement as approved.
b.- . The. provisions of this cod'e`', shall apply alike and
with equal force',to municipal -,nd public buildings"as well as.
private -,buildings; and .all 'such plans and specifications for. such
buildings shall remain permanently on file, in , the o ffiee of the
,-General Building_ Inspector. .
c:- 'In all classes of buildings or "structures-, and in all
concrete' work 'costing .more -than Ten Thou sated Dollars, the. owner
or person or. persons having control of such work shall provide and' -
'keep in. change of such work a competent and skilled superintendent,
for the purpose of seeing. that the work is ,done strictly in
accordance with the plans and specifications and with the provisions .
of this -code.
d.- Plans. -for all new work or ,alterations of every des-
oription proposed to -be made within Distr ct A'shall be submitted to
and approved by the General Building Inspector, before permit
shall be issued:;' otherwise,- any such permit issued;'for such work
shall be, void..
IINSPECTIOIN OF BUILDIIJGS:
a.- It shall ::be_°.the- -duty of: the.,Genere.l.�Buildin.g_".Inspector
to, inspgct-'all-1buildsings>:or:•_structures-,:in course of erection,-
or repair as often as may be. necessary to—see that such buildings
or structures are being erected, alteredor, repaired in accordance
with the terms of this Code and the permit issued thereunder. He' is
hereby given authority to enter any building in :the City o.f Beaumont,
�. in the' performance of Yids duties,, and to order and compel the" ,
suspension of any work being done in violation of the provisions. of
this.Code.
4,
b.- Whenever a building -within District A and District
B limits, as he:ireinafte,r defined, is to be. -repaired, altered,
remodeled or removed, the owner or agent of. said building shall
notify -the General Building I11spector of such intentions, and
should the condition of -.the building, the -6articular location or
the method or manner ofsuch repairs, remodeling, alterations or
removal, in the opinion, "o.f the General Building Inspector, .be
such as to prohibit such.'.operations, he .,Shall so-,. advise the owner
or agent of' -such decision in writing.
In ease the ;owner" or agent is not., satisfied with such
decision, he may appeal -to the City Commission for further
consideration.,
C.- Upon completion of each building, structure, alteration,
remodeling or ad di tion; , the General Building Inspector shall make
a final inspection of such work, and providing no violations of this
Code exist, he shall issue to the owner "a "Certificate of Occupancy"
of the proposed building; -or part thereof, stating the purposes for
which the building or,structure may be used; also the maximum live.
load and maximum. number ,of. persons that may be accommodated on each
floor thereof..
The General ' Building Inspector may upon application issue
a temporary" "Certificate, of O.ecupancy" allowing the use of, a
portion of any -building, provided no violation of this Code exists
against that portion and provided such temporary use of said
portion would .not endanger life 'and property.
d. -The'. General, Building. Inspector, together with the
Fire Marshall .and Chief of_ Fire Department and such other
assistants as may be deemed necessary, shall have and' are hereby
given authority to enter any building within the City of Beaumont,
for the. purpose of examining or locating fire escapes, or in the
making of any examination as may be ordered by the City Commission.
Section 6.
DUTIES OF POLICE OFFICERS EREUNDER :
It shall be the- duty 'of each policeman t o note the start
of any' building operations ok'�•'his beat, and to furnish the General
Building Inspector, on appropriate blanks'provided for the purpose,
the permit number and exact location and character of such
operations. It shall be the further duty of such police
officer -to stop any building operations other than ordinaxy.repairs,
carried on without a permit, and when called upon by the General
Building Inspector, to, act according .to the -instructions and to
perform. such duties, as' may be required by said General Building
Inspector in order to enforce' and put into effect the provisions
of this' @ode".
Section 7.
BONDS REQUIRED -EEREUNDi ER :
Every pereon, firm, association of persons, or corporation
engaged in. the erection, .remodeling, repairing, moving. or -
demolishing of. buildings within the City of. Beaumont shall annually
file with the. City Clerk an indemnifying bond, with good and
sufficient surety or sureties, -in. the sum of Two Thousand ( 2000.00`y
Dollars, approved by the City Ifs,na.ger, conditioned .that such; person,
firm, association of persons,or corporation, will indemnify and
protect the City of Beaumont against .all costs, expenses or
damages Which may in anywise accrue against the City in conse-
quence of the operations covered by any permit issued hereunder,
aria conditioned further that such person', firm, association of
persons,, or corporation, shall comply in all respects with the
provisions of 'this Code and all'.rule s and regulations promulgated,
by authority hereof, and shall -pay all .damages for injuries to
persons or property, during, or on account . of or in connection 'with
any such work authorized by such permit, said bond to cover all
building operations for the period of one year from the date of the
approval and filing thereof.
Section 8.
S`1t'�EET AND SIDEG'IALX REGULATIN'S:
a.= The .portion of any street which may be occupied
by the 'Materials -necessary for building operations shall not ex-
ceed in any event the dimensions of the premises being built upon,
and ten feet in. addition on each side, providing the written
consent and waiver of claims for damages against the City of the
owners of the property abutting upon the site of the proposed
building is obtained and filed with the ' General Building Inspector,
the occupancy of the. street may be extended to include such
property on the same terms and conditions as herein fixed for
use of streets.
Under no circumstances shall more than one-third of the width
of the street from curb to curb be ,so occupied, and no such
materials shall be placed -nearer thin eight feeto any street
crossing, railroad or. car track, fire plug, or manhole or any
sewer or conduit.. system; . nor nearer than 12 inches to any -curb or
street gutter without proper provisions being made for the free
passage- of water in such gutter. No materials shall be placed
in any street or alley so as to obstruct the free passage of
persons and vehicles -at all times, except by special permission of
the City Commission.
b.- In remodeling the fronts of buildings where the upper
walls are temporarily held up by shares or other supports,- the
sidewalk shall be closed until all such supports have' been com-
pletely removed and a temporary walk constructed- as required under
sub -section e.of this section.
As soon: as any building or structure is up_,to grade plank',
sidewalks shall be immediately constructed and a free passageway
at least 4 feet wide' shall, be kept open at all times, or a tem-
porary walk" built around 'connecting the sidewalk on both sides,
as required under sub-,se.ction e. of this section.
c.- Temporary she for office purposes or 'storage of tools
and materials may be er6c'ted during building operations upon
public property within the space allowed for building materials.
All such buildings' shall be removed upon. completion of the wor.k. -
Such temporary .buildings shall be- ,placed, not less. than 30 feet
from buildings, - of adjoining property owners.
d.- As.soon as any building under.,course of„construction
or alteration reaches the height of 1 story' a shed, shall be -
constructed over the sidewalk the entire street frontage of such
building, and if on a corner, both front and side-. Such'sheds
shall be substantially constructed and roofed with 2 inch plank
fitted tightly together covering the entire sidewalk and not nearer
than 8 fe-et to same, . and. -such sheds shall be kept in gond repair
until the building is completed.
6.
Where ,a ,building is carried up more than -4 stories in
'height such sheds shall_ be roofed with •two thicknesses,of 2
inch plank.
'e.- In•lieu of sheds over sidewalks required above, that
part of the -streets permitted to be -used -for building. materials -
may be enclosed in a tight board- fence not less than 4 nor more than
6 feet high, extending from the, lot line on one side around to the
lot line on the• other s-ide, and a temporary pla����ons tructed af•
3 pieces of 2 x l2"'inc"h plank laid on 2 x 4 inch. sleepers, with a
1 inch space be twe en planks, built.- froih. sidewalk on one side
around, to the sidewalk 'on the other side, and guarded with a
substantial hand rail..
f.- The regulations for the use • o f streets shall be 'the
same- f:or all parts of the'' city, _except- that out si:de District
A the requirements of sub -section d and e of this section may be
omitted, provided, at least4 feet of,the sidewalk is kept open,
free and clean ..at, all •time's.-
g.-
imes.
g.- In the ' event of the discontinuance. of building
operations for a"period of 60 -days or more the Building .Inspector
`,o"r Police may order ther.emoval of all materials and, obstructions
from streets and. sidewalks.
h.- Uhd-er no circumstances shall iron, steel, stone, brick. .
or other such heavy material, for any purpose whatsoever, be
dumped or thrown. fom ,an.y conveyance, or ot-herwise, upon any
pavement or suriacg of. any street, sidewalk or alley, and cohere
such materials are .being unloaded' dumped or thrown to said
pavement or surfacj`=fig, the same shall be thoroughly protected by
heavy plank or other ma.,terial of sufficient strength to withstand
the impact caused by such dumping, throwing or storing. All
brick and the "shall be properly stacked, when removed from- wagons,
and kept stacked until used.
i.- All excavations near" a street or sidewalk shall be
at all times safely guarded and protected by a su$stantial' fence
or railing.
In the event of immind.�,t danger the Buildii�:g Inspector shall
have the authority to cause the. removal of. all building material
from any public street or alley and to close same to the use of.
the public, should any . excavation be in danger •of caving, and
may require the person making the 'excavation to -put -down sheet
piling „or other --._necessary protection.'
j.- No -shavings, excelsior or other loose -combustible
material shall be allouled -to a ccumulate upon any public way by any
contractor or workman, and materials causing dust shall be .kept.
wetted down., No` trash, rubbish or other materials shall be
thrown from any roof or, window, but shall be. lowered in a container
or through' a chute directly into wagons.
k.- Any person causing or, placing any obstruction upon any
public way shall place .a'red light at each end, and at inte'rvals
of 50 feet along same and. shall keep said red lights burning from
sunset in the evening till sunrise in the morning of each day such
obstructions remain in said public way.
Any unauthorized person removing, extinguishing ,or,
interfering with- said red lights shall be guilty of a mi.sdemeanor.'
and upon conviction fined in any sum not fess than ��1Q..00. nor,.
more than X10&,00.
Section- 9.
BUILDINGS IN DISTRICT A:
a.- It shall be, unlawful for any person, firm. or .corpora-
tion to erect, or cause to be erected within District A, or- the
inner Fire Limits of the City of Beaumont' any building, ..structure,
additions or remodeling to any building, structure , or part thereof,
the outer walls, o f _which .are not composed en -ti r'e ly .of- brick, stone,
tile, concrete or other incombustible materials, and the roof
constructed of ma.terials'. other than slate, tin, tile, .asbestos, con=
crete or other roofing materials as would' come under Class A'and
B of the..Underw'iters Specifications.
b.- W.hen.ever any building or structure of. frame construction
within, District A shall become damaged by fire, s toren, or
dilapidated from age or neglect, to the extent of 33-1/3 per cent
or more, such building -or structure may be condemned and ordered
removed 'by the City',Commission.
C.- Should any.roof of any building within District A
become damaged from fire, neglect or other cause to the extent of
10 per 'cent, the entire.roof shall be removed and re-olaced with'
.such materials asunder Class A and B of the Underwriters , Spe ci fi-
cations.
Any roof .wit-hin District B damaged as - hereinafter
mentioned may be: repaired with either materials of Class A.
B. -or C of the Underwriters Specifications.'
No restrictions are placed onroofs outside. of Districts
A and B.
Section 10.
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION `io CONFORM TO CODE:
a.- The provisions of this code shall apply to all
buildings and structures within the corporate limits except ,those, -
specifically limited to certain districts..
b.- All buildings -and structures -in District B or middle
fire limits shall comply -.with the provisions of this code for
buildings, or structures within District k, except private "resi- .
dences used as such, which may be of frame construction, provided
.they have fire -resistive roofs.
C.-, No well, structure, building or part thereof shall
hereafter be built; equipped, altered,. repaired, or moved,, .nor
shall any 'work for which a permit is required be done, except in
conformity with the provisions of this code.
d.- No wall, structure, building or part thereof, already.'
built, nor any work on same for Whi ch, a permit i s. required,.. whi ch
is now in., existence, shall be raised, altered, repaired, .moved,
built u -on, or otherwise changed in any manner that would -be in
violation of any of the provisions 'of this code.
Section 11.
DEFINITIONS:
The following terms when used in this Code shall be
construed to have the meaning herein given them. -Words used in the
present tense include the future as well as the present; the
singular number includes the plural and the plural includes the
singular. The word person includes a corporation or co -partnership
as well as- an individual; "writing" includes, printing, .printed
or typewritten matter.. ;
APARTdEidT- HOUSE -Ahy building which shall -be.,intended or
designed, for o'r, use,d 'as the. home or residence, of ,three',or more
families. or households living independently. of each other.
ADDITION— The,increasing of `the -area or .height of 'a
building or structure';.also the "boarding -,.up or walling up or
enclosing of any porch;- side, 'end or other part of any building
or structure no t pr eviously so' enclo sed.
ALLEY -.Any .public thoroughfare less than 21 feet wide.,,
ALTERATIO1q--Any change to, in or upon any "building or
structure .or their equipment, affecting any wall'; partition, chimney,
flue,. floor, -s-tairway, elevator, .or supporting construction, of
"any kind which'. does hot _add to the height or' area of such,:buildings
or structure.
-ALTERED'�IN' USE --Changed from 'an occupancy. requiring one
clas s of cons,truc ti on or e quipment, or. me an s of exi t, to ' anot,her
occiapancy.requir•'ing- a different class of construction. or equipment :
or -means of exit..
APPROVED--Th,e. term "Approved". refers toga, devise,, ,material,
or con'struction'which.has been.,tested and, approved by the
Under-writer s'.Laboratories Inc.; orsuch approval .may" be..gran.ted
by the General, Building Inspector as' a.result of tests or investi-
gations made under his direction,' or he may issue approval upon
satisfactory evidence of competent and impartial tests or inves
tigations conducted by, others:
APPROVED FIRE -RESISTING ROOFII,JG--Roofing which shall at
least meet�_the test requirements specified, in sub -section "APEIEZOVED"
of this__aection..
AREAWAY --An or -en sub -surface space -ad jacei'i.t• to :a
building for .lighting or ventilating cellars or :basements. See
Vault.
`AREA OF A BUILD,ING--The area df :the horizontal cross-
section .at the ,grade le.vel measured to the center of party or fire
walls., anal to the outside. of other. wa.1ls
ATTIC STONY= -A story situated either in whole or in parte `.
in the roof.
BASELIEI T --A -story partly, but not. more than three-fourths . .
below the level of the -curb or - grade. See Cellar'.
BVILDIPIG- Anything f ormed .of materials and -includes
structure; however, the .expression "build,ing or structure" wmll
occur frequently, throughout the Code to express all -inclusiveness'..
BUILDING LINE -=The .estab.lishedline of demarion between �
public and .private space.
BULK OR.'PEI;T HOUSE --A structure erected on the r.o,of of,.a
"building for the. purpose sof- enclosing stairways`.tothe roof,
elevator machinery; water, tanks, ventilating apparatus; exhaust
chambers, or other building equipment machinery, or' for', janitor' -s`
quarters. When used only for the above mentioned purposes, such
structures need -not be. considered in determining the- height' of
the building.
CELLAR --A story whose height is- more than'three;'•four ths
below the grade. It shall not be counted as a story in deter-
mining the height of a building.
CEPjaZT 1M0RTAR--A mortar composed of fresh Portland- cement
and , not more than three -parts of sand. Said materials shall be
mixed 'dry until a uniform color is obtained before adding water,
and shall be used immediately ;after being wet.
CEI,ZNT.PLASTER--A plaster composed of one part Portland
cement and not more than three parts sand, and not more than 10%
by volume of hydrated lime, with hair or `other binder when
necessary.
CE'MEET TEiJIPERED PLASTER --A lime . or gypsum plaster tempered
with not less. than 20. per cent Portland cement.
COURT --The unoccupied space between a building or .part
thereof and a building: or property line, or between parts of the,
same building(other than a yard) , open and unobstructed to the
sky.
COSTCRETE-- A mortar composed of Portland cement, sand
and crushed stone or gravel not larger then a hen,'_,s egg, the
whole mixed dry, and sufficient water added to make a stiff
mortar. Such mixture shall be used immediately after being made
up, and shall be rammed... -or rodded into place until .water rises to
the top.
DEAD LOADS= -The weight of the walls, framing, floor, roofs,
tanks, with their contents and all permanent construction.
DEP1LRTM E1;T--The department of buildings.
DEPTH OF FOUPTDATION --The vertical distance from the grade
to the bottom- of the, footing of a foundation.
,DWELLING --A private residence. designed and constructed for
or used as the home -or abode of not more than, two separate .and
\I' distinct, families or households.
EXISTITdG BUILDIRG- J� building or structure completed, or
under course of construction previous to the date on which this .
Code goes into effect. „
FACTORY -A building or por tion .thereof designed- or used to
manufacture or assemble .goods, wares- merchandise, or articles
of general or special" utility.
TIBRE PLASTER BOARD --A board consisting of 'an intimate mixture
of Gypsum plaster composition and a fibrous binding material.
=FACTOR OF SAFETY: -The quotient obtained by dividing the
breaking load,or ultimate strength, by 'the safe load.
FIRST STORY --The story, the floor of which is at- or
first 'above the grade.
FIRE DOOR --A dOor., frame, and, sill which will successfully
resist a. fire .for one hour in accordance. with test specifications
given herein.
10.
FIREPROOF --Except as elsewhere prescribed by test for
particular tyfe s of construction, refers' to materials or
construction not -combustible in the temperatures of. ordinary fires,
and which will withstand such fires without serious impairment '
of their usefulness for at least one hour'. "Fare -proof "and
"Fire -resistive"" are interchangeable terms, with the same meaning.
FIRE E1HUTTER- A shutter which will successfully resist
a_ fire, for'one hour in accordance with.test specifications -
given herein, and has been approved upon such test.
FIRE VJIFDOVI--A window, frame, sash, and glazing which will
successfully resist a fire for one ,hour in- accordance with test
specifications given herein, and has been approved upon such test.
No single pane ' in a fire window shall. exceed 1000 square inches.
FLAT --Same as tenement house.
FOOTING_=The first course 'or courses laid at the bottom
of a foundation viall or pier.
FRAPkE BUILDING --A building or structure 'the exterior
walls ,of.,which are constructed in whole or in part of wood or other
combustible material, or, havirig more wood, or other combustible
material in such'.walls than is necessary for doors and windows.
Buildings having the -exterior walls -or, any part thereof framed of
wood or other combustible material, whether sheathed or not, and
partly or entirel;w covered with metal, stucco, or veneered with
brick, ' stone, terra cotta, patent building stone or other such
veneering, shall be deemed to be frame buildings.
GARAGE-- (1) Public: A building where motor vehicles are
stored, housed, kept or repaired, and also all that portion of
such building that is 'on, above or below the. above, mentioned
building which is not separated therefrom by standard fire walls
and fireproof floors.
(2) Private: A building used for motor vehicles
byindividual owners, for. their vehicles only.
GRADE --The established sidewalk, or curb level at the center
of the principal front of a building. I f a bizil.ding is not lora.
ted at or hear a street, then the average grade of the exp6sed
surface of the _earth.
MHT OF A BUILDING --The vertical distance; from the' grade
'level to the - top of the highest point 'of the roof beams for flat
roofs, .or to the average height of the. -gable in the case of roofs.
haviig a pitch of..mor e than 20 deg. with the horizontal plane.
The height of a.wall shall not include the height of the "parapet
above -the roof beamso
MIGHT OF WALL --'The height of a wall is measured' from its
base line , either at the grade' or at the top of -a-girder to the
top of :.the coping, or the center, of its highest gable; foundation
and retaining walls are measured from the grade d.ownward.'
HOTEL --A hotel shall be taken to mean and include every
building or part thereof` intended, designed or used for supplying
V
food' and shelter to residents or guests,', and having a general
public dining room or a cafe, or both, and containing al 80 more
than fifteen (15) 81e.eping rooms above .the fi.rst'story.,
INCOMBUSTIBLE --Materials- or construction which will not,
ignite • and 'burn when Sift .. jecte d to
o fire.
GTH''02 A'BUILDING-=Its' gre ate bt ..hor.i z ontal dimension:
LIVE LOAD -!-All. loads other than dead loads-. All partitions
which' are subject to removal or -'re -arrangement shall be consid-
ered as li*ve loads.
NON_BE.,,1RIJ].G WALL—One which supports no load other than
its own weight.0
.00CUPIED—Shall be construed to mean occupied 'to be
occupied or intended, -designed or constructed to be occupied, -
DFFICE.,BUILDING--Gne used for professional or clerical
purpose's but' not for manufacturing, -storage or sale of goods
except by sample; also excepting the first -story which may be used
for commercial p-urroses.
-JV o part of such building shall be used for living purposes,
except by the janitor .',s'family.,
OUTHOUSES—Structures not exce.ed ' ihg 12 feet in height
normore. than 250 square,, feet in- area.
OVIDMi—Any person, 'firm or corporation, owning or,
controlling property and, includes an agent, attorney, or any
person receiving:rents';-guardians, conservators or trustees.
PARTITIOIT—An interior wall other - than a fire or division,-
wall. -
PROPERTY. LIITE--'The established line of demariation between
two lots' ovmed by different parties. A lot may be a property or
building line..
PUBLIC;. HALtWAY—A hall.,* corridor or p4ssageway used in
common- by the occupants of, a building and serving as a means of
'communication - for the Public between -and entrance to any
story of a building, and the various rooms, apartments or spaces
in that 'story-
REPAIRS-=The
story.REPAIRS-=The reconstruction or renewal o any '',existing
part of any building or structure. or . equipment �5y Which "the:
strength or fire risk is ,not added to or modified, and not made
for the pur',pos.e,:of converting such building or structure, in
whole ,or in part-,. 'into*a new building or altering same in use.,
RETAI1TI,Nq. MALLS --One constructed to 'Support a body.. of
ear th_ or to resist lateral" thrust.,
SHED-- A. roofed structure,- open on one or more side_6t and
which shall not. be used for storage purposes.
SKELETON - CONST UOTI011—A form 6`f building construction
.,wherein, all --external and internal loads and stresses' are transmitted'
to the 'fo tindation by a,ri'gidly connected- framework of metal or
rein-ftroed concrete, -and the enclosing walls supported by girders
at each' story,
12
S=, .,IGfHT--Any cover or enclosure placed above roof
openings for -'.the admission of light.
STREETS --Airy ,public ways., - lanescour ts," sidewalks., or
parking exceeding 21 feet,. between_ building lines. See. Building
gine
STORY --That par.t.of :any,'building- comprised between any
floor. and the',,floor next ab.ove.t . In c:se, any floor or trie _
combined area `of . floo an, .level ext(§nd over less than 20 of
the area included s ;a floor for e 'purpose of determiriing�""`�
sto-ry, heights.
STRUCTURE --Includes the term building, appurtenance,$ wall,-
platform, staging, or flooring used, for, standing or. seating
purposes:; also.. shed, fence, sign or billboard, orvpiubli.c or
private 'prope,r-ty;' or on,. above, or below 'a street.
TEIEMENT HOUSE --A tenement house shall b -e - taken 'to mean'
and include any .building or portion the'r.eof which shall be
intended or designed `for.'or' is, rented, leased, Let- or, hi.r,ed out.
as -t ie 'home o.r'resi.dence- of, thre-e families or -more, living
independently, of each .other .and doing their Cooking, onthe-
premises, 'or, -by more than two .families upon any floor ,so living.
and, cooking but having a .common right in :the halls,' stairways, `
yard's. . water closets or privies or some of them.
THEATRE --Any• building or part thereof designed orused
for theatrical, or 'operatic purposes with accommodations '. -for an
audience ,of' more than 200 persons, and. having a .permanent. stage e _y
upon which movable scenery and theatrical appliances are
employed; ,including also motion.picture thea.tres,'•e.itherwith or r
without. -a st^ge, having a capacity as stated above.
V ZE.22-=The outer facing of brick, stone stucco, '
concrete-, terra .cotta., file or metal of an enclosing wall used
-for the: protection of- the backing but not adding to, its strength.
WAREHOUSES --A building or. portion thereof, designed or
used for , the' storage of goods,' wares or merchandise. • . See Shed
WIDTH OF A- BUI1D'I1TG=-The horizontal dimension next in
value- t o . length. ;
1,VIRED 'GLASS ---Glass not less thah,1/4 inch thick enclosing
a layer of wire. fabric -rein
cement having a mesh -not larger
than 7�8 inch, `and the, s ixe o f wiire not smaller than No 24-B
& S gauge .
WALLS- . (1) "External walls" means every outer wall or
vertical enclosure of -any buildimg not being a, party wall.
:(2) "Party Wall"means a'wall that. -separates two
Q more buildings arid_ - is used or is to be used • join.tly by said,
ser separate buildings.. �,
(3) "Bearing Wall",, the wall on which ei ther or both x
'the floor and, r:o,of constructio'ri .rest.
(-4) "'Division Nall" means a wall that - separates, one
part of any building from another part of the same building.
J 5) ".Cur tain Wall" means the enclo sing wall of ani
iron �or- steel ,or , reinfor ced concrete skeleton fr6me or .the non-
bearing portion steel.'or reinforced concrete skeleton frame or."
the: non -bear irng or tion of an enclo sing wall between the piers.
13.
(6) :"foundation Udall" means that portion of an enclosing
wall below the first- tier of floor joists or beams nearest
and above the grade line and that portion of any interior wall
or pier below the basement or cellar floor.
(7) "Fire Wall" .means the parapet walls above the
roof , also any division or partition wall. dividing spaces into
limited areas for fire protection purposes.
(8) "Retaining Wall" means a wall built to resist the
lateral -,pressure of the adjoining" earth, and to prevent its
-caving in; also an enclosing wall built to resist the lateral
pressure of the internal loads.
REINVCR CED
concrete in this
in which stee'1 is
tansile,stresses
in compression.
FIRE LULI TS :
COITCRE'I'r CONS'Hr UCTION--The term reinforced
Code 'shall mean an approved concrete mixture
imbedded in'such a manner as to resist the
and- to add rigidity and strength to concrete
Section 12.
a.- The territory of the City of Beaumont, for the -our -
pose of -fire protection; shall be. divided' into three di stri-cts,
to be known�as follows:
District A, or Inner Fire -Limits;
District B,' or Noddle Fire Limits;
District C, or Outside Fire "Limits.
DISTRICT A: (Inner Fire Limits)
b.- The territory enclosed. by the following boundaries
shall constitute and be. known as District A. or the Inner Fire
Limits; either or both:
Beginning at V�bmnt of intersection of the west bank
of the Neches River with the center line of. Mulberry Street;
thence "west along the -center of I11u1.berry Street, to. the inter-
section ofth'e center of,,Mulberry and Main Streets; thence .N..' W.
along center line_ of Main- St.. to the intersection of Main and
Ann Streets; thence North along center o Ann Street, to -inter-
section of Ann and Magazine Streets; thence West along center of
Magazine to intersection of Magazine and North Pearl Street;
thence 'South along center of North Pearl and the west side.of
,the Methodist Episcopal Church property to the intersection of
-said) line'with'the center line of Broadway; thence, west
along center line of Broadway to intersection of center line of
Broadway; with an extension of the center line of Janes Street;
thence -South along extension of center line of Janes and ,_also
along center line of Janes .to its intersection with the main 'line
of the T'. & N. 0. R. R. track; thence westerly along Main line of
T._ 8e. N. 0. R. R. track to its intersection with the center line
of Jefferson Street produced. Thence southerly along center
line .of Jefferson produced and center line of Jefferson Street to
its intersection with center line of Crockett Street. Thence west
along center line of Crockett to its intersection_ of Archie Street;
thence southerly along,,center line "of Archie to its intersection
with center line of Fannin; thence easterly along' center line of,
Fannin to its intersection with .the cent"or" line of Neches; thence
southerly along center line of Neches to its intersection with
center line of Forsythe,; thence easterly along'center line of
14.
,or- the to it.' inte'-.section with center line of Nark ,,treet;
the --rice southerly alons center line of 2crk feet to it; in-
tersection c.ith E✓eiiter line o -i i. il:'Jt1 jtreet; theiacc ea:: terl;y
alon center line of 11,i1M11t. , to it,,_ inter, ec tion center
line of thence s-outherly alon - cerltcr jine�of�
v0 the ':i0 tarly bL'.ilk of the l'eches :7.V8 ; then Ce
:iil. the i11eCi1CCr1i7, Of the vle,.:tei'ly o_ --nib o t1,e 1'e6hee; __iVer t
tile-00ii1i, 0:L� ti.0 of lii _.lilt, Of rac,t� silence r!0 ^ til loi1
-Lilo c:e,ia 'Ll el, O_ 11_!1'iCe t .,t_ 0e- U t0 t e 0c C -)f, 0 i Uo11a 'v
�_ CCt) thence ca6terly :loi_ the Goii-i3Or O:i (;Ol1CJe -'Cr t to
the ai11L Oi the 1'.•, -,Che` ..i VCry thence with he:Eaecildevi-L: s�
Of ti7CJ ,.tF 'l� ijF.iit'_ Of it"!e ._'iVer -to he-'-)oiilt o, i�0'.ii1r?in-
_ u 9
. c.-- The torfitory enclo ed by the followicl, boundazie� but
1yiT1� Outs CO the bo-ar.CiL,,zie Of �i:;,t_-ict or Il.inor _'ii' c- Lirnitu
l .11 CGri'tlttite E: i1 C. bC 1�101;i1 . U i,"�t '._Gt J� Ur the _,_j C_ y'ire 1,irl]4
si
the y)Ciil ` O:L 111 GOr-,�ec liio7_ of the :'ieste21✓
__L'1017 -nC the ce lte:_ lii1p: of _.1 - .zine ,ti -De t e;, G e-
0st .:.lon Ce11 to_,. Iii -i0 O O:ilie tC) i t 6 ill te eC -bull -:;ith t_ )e
CeYluC'' like of ., il101. ur act ; Lhe11C;e .;GLItL] "10i1� i;ilE CCi1 ber
O is .: illov! -t t0 1.'l i illi ter f_ectiori witi1 U�.lu.er ,_VO ; thence west, Oil
the e�ilte-' line of U,4.1der to its inter,-3ectioli v71th i,'orrest � tree t;
ti -,,.nuc ;-IOuth on the CCilter line O7. its, C,x-tC'11si0i1 t0
L.n i:iltel' 3eCuiull v-iI t i,h0' liaui,!lc-! - t. � 1 i � i
ly i`'flt Gf 1. -,✓' s1i E 01 UI10 .i .CJ.
thence .-:esti,: _.t 101: iC. ._`OLC' herl,y �'1;'i t Ji ;:_�% 1i11B ZO ito
11t0� CC t,1 i1 :71�i1 iP.ti iCYltei lih.0 Oi _l0ii:1CS Sti'O-Ut;-Giia-,ace sout_:Iel�!,r
c.1c) Cen1,er iiie Of .=_0x_10 uree't 'o i t, ii: t0' :.:eC1,iCii! .ith ceiite?'
line o: 1P'0� lythe ; thence ea iter 1J loi_ s -en, t,oL 111 e o= _ ozS y til% tG
1_t;' i.at-re,:ection I'. 1": ce11-te ' l:iila of '.'rini -U, t:.,ce-ce11Ce s0L._cilC,i
�.lol r_ c -'elites 1 I le _ `- J ;
i� 0: _ :i 111 t, 7: LO 1 t,; li7 �e, BGt_OT'_ i7i 611 the Cell -;;C:. 11.11a
o1 street; 1, enee G' :- LCrl,y ;-.1Oi1L E:il.,`
a ue .-o
._L' line of
UO itf; in'G 1' Section ':ilth the coiitei' Bile 0f i'.e c_1C;; tr oet ; Lheiice
:01:i11CY'1y 10!1- cU'i'1t '. 11110 U:_ 1.`r Ci1C t 0Ei"t CC) ]. tt 1.1'1tCY'seCt1011
.:ith t.- thence e 2. �e 1y lol
likeG _ _11'-=1111 t0 i U:_ intei ..eC L, 0:ri 1th Cei1tc-,__ line C
. i
tr e3 L ; vi!C11G'e ;Ou'th'� l X102! G Uilt�?r liii8 O i _ tr Ue t
to cu -r. t"r li_1e Gi ..L1 tiil ._ tl e -t ; 1)1,CP_OC-
1 Z/
1ZJ a1Cn c e Y 1 Gar .I_"1r.e 01 __L L, `G li1 GT'OCt t0 -u 1T1 t01'„eG u1 0i
i 1,1_ uiie con tez line u or:l.e,i1N' trCCu; then,, e _OUtil^:_lzi Gii_ vile
cCil C:C linin Oy Orlc'.=.Y1 , .. e ✓ -:e c .i t, e \-7os✓- �-
tr0 GO 1 tt li1 t {'C, Ct1 Jil 1 1_ it �C
Of tile, 1"ecile: _.i-vai ; ilC lce noi:thcirly wit11 the,
oJ' -GP,- :, es �ezI;y bC111c 0- the 1,Oche 1'-ivc2- an'd. the !:” tC�'l/ i�_.'LllC of
✓-
O1 t,0 U.ile ;0111'l, Gf ue�117a11ii•�,
")I f 1v`1 CCUtlDiC:e 1,17e: ''lie_ 'i i"."flit;
t0_,rit02_'yi l; ink out!.iC,a the boima—ie o� ;;t1'ict
::1tCllii ui1G c0" ;Q1'::.tC �Ai:lite 0._ Dile cit-\ G C3_L'l:1Gt:l 11
Coli -_ d t -a t e 11 C b c _ 110'. ii1 _. 1 , t,1" 1 C l: (.• .
-; sett be
. Ow' !le .J'.'�.' )0 Oy t,_11:`J �JOCO 1L11_C'11�,. ,� �,11�.11
el-...(::l"1'10C1 GCOi'C'1L_
to uhe _.= t OC! Ol � 0110
�1 J lrFT1v _ 11 C' 11'1 5. :!_1dt: Ci lit �1Ct 1C t C. foo
r eLidi,e11CL' coo, s t_'1:C1:•10 1 1n :Di-6i1C1t
1'U11 -c'i_' c OO 1• x011,_tr- Ctioil (lllorveci in ._-)i: turiGt __''
If�11 abd 110 1'
�� ) ey-)1"'oo:12 .'OnStruc-i01'1, Lllo'.ied. in �i '1;LiC-G, T, I '
4,
15.
1.�..� 0 1q, a
b.- FRLTAE CONSTRUCTION; defined Sec. 1.1.
c.- NON -FIREPROOF CONSTRUCTION: The term non-fireproof-
constfuction shall apply to all buildings havi ;g exterior walls
of masonry with floors and other interior construction wholly -
or partly of .wood.
(l) ORDINARY CONSTRUCTION: A building having exterior
walls of masonry or concrete with wooden, joist floor construction
and stud partitions, with the interior :supporting posts and
girders .of wood, or of metal protected as required herein.
(2) MILL 'CONSTRUCTION: (Sometimes' called slow -
burning construction.) A building -having exterior walls of
masonry or concrete and heavy timber interior construction
throughout, in accordance with the- provisions of this Code on
the subject.
- a.- FIREFROOF CONSgEUCIPION: Buildings of I1asonry, steel
and masonry, or reinforced concrete construction throughout, in.
accordance with -the -provisions hereof on the subject.
Section 14.
EXCA VAT I OId S :
a. All excavations .for buildings shall be' so guarded
and protected as to prevent the same from becoming. dangerous to
life or -property and shall'be sheath -piled by the person or
persons 'causing the excavations to be made when necessary to
prevent .the adjoining -earth from cavingin by reason of its own
weight or by reason -of any weight that may rest upon it. Whenever
there .shall be any excavations hereafter commenced upon any lot
or piece of land and there shall be a building or buildings on .
the adjoining lot, the' person or persons m6ki4g such excavation
shall, at his, her or their expense, . protect., underpin or make
perfectly 'safe the adjoining .property. All excavations for walls,
piers .or columns' of buildings shall' extend to a depth below any
adjoining surface and to a good, solid bottom of such character
as to provide safe support for the loans intended to rest thereon..'
excavations for -',continuous walls shell extend not less than 2 fe'e't
below sur fu ce';of. ground.
b.- Whenever an excavation for. buildings or other purposes
shall be,,intended to be - or shall be carried be low° the grade, the
person causing such excavation to be made shall. at all times. from
the commencement until the completion thereof, at.his own expense
preserve any adjoining or contiguous wall, structure, yard, bank
of earth or rock from injury, and support the same by proper
foundations, or retaining walls, so that they shall be and remain
practically as ; safe- as before, such excavation was," commenced,
whether the said adjoining to contiguous wall, structure, yard X
or bank of earth -or rock, are dorm. -more or less than grade.
For this pur;)ose such approved foundations or retaining
walls may be built upon -the property upoia which such wall, structure,
yard or bank o.f earth or rock is situated.-.
c.- If the necessary 'license is not accorded to . the
person making such eitcavation, then it shall be the duty of the
owner refusing to grant such license at his own expense to make the
adjoining, or contiguous Mall, structure, yard, or bank of earth
or rock safe, .and support 'the same by proper foundations so that
the adjoining excavations may be made.
11
16.
Z.
d.— In case. any party wall is .iatend.ed to .be used by the
party,.causing an excavation to be made, and- the footings and
foundation of .such party walls"are in good co.ndlition and
sufficient for the uses -of both existing,"building and the new.
one, then the., person causing the, excavation to be made shall,
at his .own expense, preserve such. party wall .from 'injury . and .
support the ssme by proper means,' so that said party wall shall
-be and .remain. as safe as before the excavation was begun.
e.- In case the -footings and foundations of anyQsaidrt wall are no in ood condition or not sufficient fo
party t g
'uses of both the existing building .and the new one, -it' shall be
the duty .of the person. causing .such excavation to be made to
extend such defective or insufficient footing or foundation, or
to replace same with a neva footing or foundation. Such extended
or new footing shall" pro ject on each. side o f the property, line
-such a distance as to bring the center of the footing under the
center of the wall, so that the total load upon the Miall may be
uniformly distributed over the area of the footing..
Any other 'approved method may be used which will ade-
quately support the party wall.. In order that this may be done,
the person causing the excavation to be made shall be. allvvied -
access to the adjoining premises.
Ordinary and load-bearing walls shall have foundation
-sufficient to properly carry the- load to'- be imposed on same.
f.- 'In- case `any excavation or the removal, of any
existing building shows.:any adjoining will or structure to be
unsafe 'at the time. the. -excavation was begun, .i.t shall be the duty
of the person causing the excavation to be made, or the building
to be removed, to forthwith report the fact in -writing to the
General Building Inspector, who .shall upon receipt of such notice,
for thwith inspect 's! ch ad joining premises, and if sand wall or
structure is"found to be unsafe as reported, salve shall be. declared
unsafe and caused to be 'repaired as provided for herein.
g-- If the- person whose duty it shall be to preserve
or protect any wall or structure from injury shall neglect or
fail to proceed to :do so .within 24 ~hours after receipt of a ,notice
from the General Building Inspector, ether- the Building Inspector-
.shall
nspector•shall enter upon the premises and employ such labor, and furnish
such ma ter ial s and take such , steps as in h is judgment may be
necesst ry to -make the premises s.-s,,and-.secureor to prevent
-same. from becoming unsafe or dangerous, at the `cost and expense
of the person whose duty it is to keep the same safe and secure.
Section 15.
PIZTNGS:�
a.- For large, or heavy constructed buildings ,or where
the nature of the soil. demands,. piling shall be driven for. all
foundations of. bearing �7alls and other walls, piers, etc.., where
the weight of same requires
b.- Wooden piles shall be 'of approved timber, sound and'
straight. The diameter of the, butt shall be not less than 10
inches,.. and at the point not -less than ,5 inches, and if more than
20 feet in length the diameter at the -butt shall'not be less than
12 inches.. The minimum, distance- between piles shall be 2. feet.,
Piles shall be driven to refusal; if possible, and -
the method of driving shall be such as not to impair their
strength. The 'maximum load carried- by. -a pile' driven through firm
soil" to refusal shal_'l be computed by multiplying , the average area
of cross section, to inches by 500 pounds;' but in no case 'shall
such load exceed 15 tons. Piles driven through loose-wet.soil
to hard: pan shall be figured as columns unsupported laterally for
17.'
their entire length.
The safe sustaini -ig power of a pile not driven to
refusal, which shall in no case exceed 10 tons, shall be
determined by calculation based upon the standard formula given
in the latest edition of K'idder's rxchitect's Handbook. The
Building Inspector shall be notfi.ed before any test is made of the
sustaining power of piles so that he may be present.
Sustaini-_ng power of piles driver. by steam or pneumatic
hammers or by jetting shall be determined by calculation as
required in sub -section above.
Piles . shall be out off so that the tops are always
below the level of mean low water. Portland cement shall be
rammed dovrn in the interspaces between the heads of the piles
to -a depth of not less than 8 inches, and laterally for a dis-
tance of not less than. 12 inches on each, side of the roves of
riles.
There shall not be less than 2 roi�is of piles under
party walls and all external walls more than 50 feet in height.
Under frame buildings piles play be -capped 4Jith timbers not less
than 6 inches in any dimension.
c.- Before driving, setting, casting or molding any
concrete piles, a full and complete specification of the design
and method of placing same shall be submitted to the Building
Inspector aid his approval obtained.
'11he permissible load upon piles driven out of
plumb, and the extent to which piles may be driven nut of plumb
before being condemned, shall be determined by the Building
Inspector, according to standard formula.
No pile or group of piles shall be loaded eccen-
trically.
Section 16.
PIE?S:
a.- Every pier shall be built of squared stone, concrete,
or approved brick. Stone or brick piers shall be laid in
Portland cement mortar. Every exterior pier shall be securely
anchored to the beams or girders at the level of each tier. The
height of any isolated pier shall not be greater than 10 times
its least horizontal dimension, except in :frame buildings
b.- Interior piers shall, not be built of stone,
neither shall stone bond or caps be used in such piers, except
in frame buildings.
Co- Every`4terior stone or bricck pier less than 6 X.
scuare feet in cross section, which supports a beam, girder,
arch or colurin. upon which a wall rests, or a lintel spanning an
opening over 10 feet wide on which a wall rests, shall have
built into it at vertical intervals of not more than 3 feet
approved bonding courses.
d.- The walls and beams of every building d.-cring erection
or alteration shall be securely braced wherever required until the
building is enclosed.
e.- In brick walls every sixth course shall be a
header course, except where walls are faced in Flemish bond,
in which case the headers of every third course shall be full;
brick bonded into the backing.
,. Where running bond is used, it shall be bonded into
the backing by cutting the corners of every brick of every sixth
course ' o f the face brick, and putting a rove of diagonal headers
behind the same, or by suitable approved metal anchors, one to
each brick in every sixth course.
18'
4Vher.e fsce brick is used, of a different 'thickness from
the brick used for' backing., the courses of the, exterior..and
interior .brickwork .shall be brought to..a' leve -1• bed at intervals
of no't more 'than 8. courses of the face brick, '_and' the face brick
shall be properly' tied to the backing 'by a full heading course 6f.
the face- brick or 'other approved method.
.- Face .brick sY�all be -laid at the same time as, the
backing, and, hall b no case lard ,after the backing is in
place..
`7�,rr C°ayuz `
g.- When walls of hollow bricks or tile' or used as
permitted hereunder, .the, facing shall. either be. bonded `to the
backing -with`a row of headers every 16 inches or be attached to. .
the -.backing with approved metal wall` ties in the, mortar•, joints
and. spaced' not. farther, apart than -.one'., foot vertically and ' two
feet horizontally.. 'Such veneering shall not' be considered a,
part of the required thickness -of of the wall, except that -terra
cotta' facings may be used on brick walls without increas*Al�
thickness of 'such walls, provided. all parts 'of such facings re
backed up so'lidl'y with brick and , concrete, said; concrete to fill.
all the hollow, spaces 'in the terra -cotta in such manner, that :the
same shall be -thoxoughy incorporated `in. the wall. '.
h. No timber shall .be placed in any .masonry wall, ;
and only approved wall plugs shall be used for. securing trim.
No W' 11 -of -masonry or c oncre to .shall be supported in whole . or in
par t' by wo od po sts, lintel s or .girders,,
i.- All changes. in' the thickness of- wall -s' shall be at the
topsof joints, .and no otherwise; the walls of each story being'
up the full .thickness .flush -with the top of the. beams abovei and
that portion 'of the walls above• the last set of ceiling joists .
shall be of the same thickness as for -the last P for y'.
Section 17.
MALLS IN, GENERAL
a.�. ;Every ,building other than frame buildings shall
be enclosed on all sides with independent or party walls of
incombustible materials, and no such. wall shall be less than 12
inches, thick except as specif icall.p provided.
This shall not include -the construction of any
story supported on piers .entirely open 'to the outer air,, provided
that in all such buildings the 'floor and ceiling . o f such open •
story shall be protected by approved incombustible material.
The -,masonry walls and piers of every building, -shall
.be ' pr•operly and solidly bonded -:with mortar •joints.- They shall be
built .to aline and carried up plumb and straight.
All'brick shall be thoroughly wet., just` previous
to,, -being laid; except in freezing weather, when= they 'shall be
laid dry., No masonry work o f,any description shall be built when
the temperature is below 32 degrees F.
No ,frozen materials shall be built upon, but
shall be removed.
No wall of any building or, structure shall be
built .mor e than 2':s tor i6 s in advance • of.` any' o'the,r 'portions of the
walls 'of the building.'or. structure;- this _provi'sion ,need not apply
to buildings where 'wall's are carried indepexdently"'by girders at
ea ch, floor. All. walls shall be securely, anchored and bonded at
points where they intersect. Where such', walls are not built at
the &ame- time, ;,the perpendicular joint shall be 'regularly toothed
with 4 inch o f.f-sets 'and.. the joint shall be.'provided with anchors
�� v �_ not less than .t 0_
by 378 inch metal, with bent up ends
or cross pins to .form anchorage;' such anchors shall be ,not less
than' 4 feet.long; e,xten:ding equally on each side of the joint and
spaced not more than 3 feet apart.'
MORTAR FOR MALLS
b.- 1. Foundations' footings and parepet wall shall be
laid in cement tempered mortar, containing &0.17 cement, as also x
arches over doorways and windows.
2. All chimneys . a,nd flue s - sha.11 be laid ' in _cement
tempered mortar, containing not less than•25% cement..
3, Hollow bloc *e,7 rick walls shall be laid
in cement tempered mortar-, coni ai 2Q,a ceinellt.
BRICK WALL THICKNESS:
c.- All bearing walls shall be. of sufficient thickness
to support the load to be carried without exceeding the stresses
specified in. Section 21,, but in -no case shall such walls ' be less
than 12, inches thick,ounless so specified herein), unless built of
reinforced concrete.
WALLS F03 DVIELLITIG HOUSE CLASS; IN DISTRICTS B & C: r
d.- 1. The minimum thickness of all brick bearing walls
shall be in accordance with the following' schedules and tables.
In determining the thickness of walls for varying heights, they
shall be measured to the, nearest tier o f beams or supports;- whether
this be. a foundation, a beam or ,a girder.
2. For all brick walls o f buildings of the dwelling .
house class, the minimtiun thickness of walls shall be 8 inches,
increasing in thickness according to the .following table. No 3
story increment shall exceed 45' feet in height.-
3.-Table,-indicating
eight.-3.-Table,i,ndieating minimum thickness of brick walls,
(dwelling houses) in accordance, with above. requirements:
BRICK BEARIE G WALLS
Stories 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 8
.2 8 .8
Z 12 8 8.
4 16 12 12 8
5 16 16 12 12 8
6 .20 16 16, 12, 12 8
7 20 20 '16 16 " 1.2 12: 8
8 20 20 20 16, 16 12 1.2 -8
All basement walls shall be 4 inches thicker than first
story walls unless of reinforced concrete.
AVALL S FOR BUS,IIdE SS . & WARE -HOUSE CLASS
e.- Excepting party End fire walls, brick bearing walls
for all buildings, of this class not more than 100 ..feet in length
shall, have the upper' 2 stories not less .than 12' inches thick,
increasing according to following table,:
Table Indicating Minimum Thickness of Brick
Exterior Walls in accordance with above requirements:°
BRICK EXTERIOR WALLS:
Stories . 1st. 2nd., 3rd. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th.' 8th. .9th. 10th.
1 12
2 12 12
3 16 1 12 .12 '
4 ,.20 16 12 12
5 20 20 16 l2 12.
6 24 .20 20. 16 12 12
7 '24 24 -20 20 20 .16 12 12
8 28 24. '24- 20 20 . 16 12 .12
9 28 28 24 24 20 20 16 12 12 -
10 32 28 28 24 .24 20 .20 .16 12 12
20.
2.. In all buildings except dwellings, brick party
'and fire walls which .serve .as .bearing.walls shall-be 4.in,ches _
thicker than. 'out side walls.
Z. The height of.. a wall between .lateral supports.
shall !-not exceed 15 time s ' i t s thickness unless s trengthene d , b:y
piers 'or cross walls'. If any story or', stories exceed 30 :fe:et for.
any 2 story increment, the walls .for such a story or. stories � and . all
stories below shall be. increased'4 inches additional to.'t'he' -thickness
herein. required.
4.' When the clear, span of floor i-s greater-than-
30
reater-than-
30 feet in biAl ns, the thickness of `bearing walls shall be
increased 4 t`R°over -that specified in. the foregoing tables and
.4 inches additional far every 124 ,feet or, fraction. thereof that said
span exceeds 30 feet or shall have in lieu of .this increase of
thickness, such piers or supports as the Building- Inspector may
J direct,
5. Every -wall faced with brick laid in -running bond'
'shall be 4 inches thicker 'than specified in the foregoing, tables...
6. If any horizontal section through a bearing wall.
shows more than; :-30 jo area of flues and openings, in, a vial-1 laid up
in lime and., cement. mortar the said,wall shall be increased 4
inches. in thickness for -every 15%,or- fraction, thereb'f for which the
total area-of flues, and openings exceed . said limits. The . total .
area of fine s..and.openings �n any,bearing wall-shall not. in any, case
exce ed• .6 0%..
The thicknes.of-non-bearing interior, walls mai
be 4 inches less, than that .of bearing walls, provided that.no �.
non-bearing interior wall is a party wall.
8,. In no case shall-the thickness at the bottom of
a m sonny retaining wall-.bo le ss.than -1/4 the height of the wall
unless reinforced in' an roproved manner..
Small'-: one-story outhouses, private garages.,
barns, located�in District t�,, etc , may. have 8 inch walls of brick,,
�or 6 inch walls 'of reinforced concrete, provided such .buildings
;arc not more than 12 feet' in he'Wve'.
ht �id do hOtcover more than 250
square._feet of ground -area abd earth 'or - concrete. floors, and,no-4
other, woodwork in their construction than doors and windbWs,
:rafters and roof boards and have parapet vjAlls on all exposed sides.
-Such buildings shall have. all openings pr tected, by approved fire
do-ors-.and shutters ;or fire 'windows.
10. A 12 inch wall shall mean a; well 3-half brick
thick; 'and an _additional 4 inches shall mean an additional half :.
.brick. An enclosing• wall built 'ne.ar or' against an-
e xi
nexi sting wall shall be the sdme thickness, as if the old or
exi sting' wall `�..d id no t exi st.
PANEL CR .ENCLOSING.VIALLS 20R MLETOU CON.S'�UC�TION:
f.-In skeleton construction the panel walls shall be
supported by girders at 'each floor level,,- and if, of masonry, shall
be not less than 8 . inches ' thick, , laid in cement mortar. When` the .
vertical distance 'between.'supporting girders exceeds 15 feet the
thickness of the wall shall be. increased 4 inches. for each �15 feet
or fraction.thereof that,,said vertical di stance.eceeds.l5,feet.
Such walls shall' be of brick, stone, tile_, gravel- concrete, 'or hard
burned terra cotta.
OUR TAIIN'. �NALL S s
g.-:..When such walls are used the foundation 'o.f the
building shall be so designed that the entire load shall,be carried
by the. c'ol7amn footings•: Curtain walls shall be anchored "to the teen-
trete ' or steel .framing at each floor .level with substantial anchors,
the anchors to be spaced not farther apart than 6 .feet horizontally.
21.
FINE WALLS:
h.-3 Fire walls dividing areas of buildings,, shall be .
built o�,.hard burned brick or load-bearing terra cotta, laid in
cement mortar or of reinforced concrete. In fireproof buildings
fire walls supported by girders at each story shall be 12 inches
thick throughout..
In n.o.n-fire�j f buildings, brick fire walls which
do not serve as bear-ing walls shall be not less. than 16 -inches
thick in the upper' 4. stories or upper 50 feet, increasing 4 inches for
each 2 stories or fraction thereof below.
In frame buildings used for manufacturing or
commercial purposes and not exceeding 3 stories or 30 feet in height,
non-bearing fire walls shell be not less, than 12, inches thick.
2. - Every opening in a. fire or party mall shall be
protected on each side of the wall by an Underwriters approved
automatic fire door. This provision shall include. all openings
hereafter made in any existing fire or party wall.
N.o opening in any such wall shall exceed the
Underwriters permissible square feet in .area', .except. that by written
permission of the Building Inspector,. a larger- .opening may -be made
upon the ground floor only, but special precaution shall be taken
to protect such openings.
Party walls shall be continuous from foundation to
3 feet above the roof level and be coped,, except that such . walls in
fireproof buildings need not extend above the top of the- roof beams.
3. I'f an opening in a, fire wall, is made to serve
as an emergency or horizontal exit, it shall no t.exceed 48 square
feet in area, .and a self-closing fire door shall be substituted for
one of the automatic fire doors. The automatic fire door shall be
controlled by an approved automatic door released on each side of
the wall.
psR APET WALLS :
i. -'Exterior parapet walls (in galls over .30 feet high)
shall, -be, the full thickness of the top story walls and shall -pro-
ject at least two feet above the -roof at conjunction of roof and
,.wall. All parapet walls shall be coped with approved durable
.material. All walls less* than 30 feet. high shall have parapets
at least'18 inches above roof.
HOLLOW . BUILDING, BLOCK WALLS:
J.- 1 Hollow building blocks of hard burned `terra cotta
.or of concrete may be used for all walls except party and fire walls
of buildings 'not exceeding 2 stories, or 30 feet in height,, provided
that such blocks have met the test requirements of Sec.' and
are not' stressed beyond- the safe -limits therein prescribed, and
provided that each manufacturer of concrete blocks, in addition to.
registering his.i"ndiv"idual brand or mark, shall annually file with
the City Clerk a' satisfactory bond 'in the sum of w1,000.00,' expressly
stipulating and agreeing that each and every concrete block and
brick bearing his private _ brand .or mark is made of the same . quality
and kind of materials, in :the same, propor tions. and by the same -
processes and with the same care and. workmanship as the samples
submitted, .for test, and approved after test for use as permitted
,in this Code.
The minimum thickness of such wells shall be as
required,- for brick .walls»
2. Concrete blocks -shall not be used in- cons truction
until they .have attained an age of, 28 days; nor until they- have.
developed the, required test strength. -
All building. blocks shall be laid in' Portland
cement mortar.
3. If a wall be built .of blocks laid with the
cells hor•xontal, which are designed to be normally laid with the,
cells vertical, ,or if band courses of such, blocks .with- cells
horizontal be laid in •a -wall otherwise built of the same blocks
with the cells vertical, the carrying 'capacity• of, such walls
shall be calculated from the strength of the blocks tested -with
their cells horizontal.
:4. Hollow terra cotta blocks in exterior walls shall
be extra. hard. burnt or be veneered-with,brick, architectural terra.
cotta, or stone securely bonded and .set gas' required in. Sec.
or the'blocks-shall be covered on the exposed surface with
at lease ! inch of Portland cement mortar; each block shall be
well scored, grooved or roughened to retain the coating. The
stucco 'shall not be considered as•a, .part of the required thickness
of the wall.
5. When hollow block walls, laid with cells
vertical, are decreased in.. thickness, the .blocks in the tor course
of the thicker, wall shall. be filled, solidly: w'itYi.: c on'crete, or the
exposed openings ,in such -,top course may..be covered- with slabs of
hard burned terra cotta 'or concrete at least one 'inch. in thickness.
Terra cotta, -concrete or-' metal slabs -or templates. 'of approved size
and thickness shall be placed under all floor beams and girders
as bearing plates in order that tree allowable working stresses
shall not be exceeded.
6.. Building ,blocks shall be - so laid that the
shells and webs shall be -suspended uponthe shells or webs of the
adjacent blocks below.
7. Hollow blocks. when used to form lintels, which
are not keyed arches, shall be reinforced with steel rods, and be
filled solidly with concrete.
Such lintels shall be designed in accordance
with the unit stresses ando.the reauirements for reinforced
.concrete as required. in Sec..
8. Hard burned terra cotta blocks • (tile) laid with
cement mortar, .may be used for -walls or skeleton construction, the
thickness shall,be the same as required for brick walls.
Hollow building blocks h?wing shells or webs
of one inch cr less in thickness, which are laid with cells
vertical in walls, shall: be reinforced by interior' metal supports,.
or a layer of metal fabric .shall be embedded in each horizontal
mortar. joint. The fabric,to be ! inch less than the thickness
of the well, and have a mesh of 1/8 of 1%2 inch, and be laid in ,
the joint before the mortar is deposited and be lapped .at the
corners..
EXISTING WALLS:
k.- 1. Vihere an existing party wall is to be
incorporated in a new building of skeleton or cJ' tain wall. -con-
struction, the -vertical extensions of the exi-sting. party wall shall -
be supported entirely by. columns and girders and 'not by the party
wall below, except that such existing party wall may be extended
vertically to the height permitted by this Code for its existing
thick_n.ess, if 'written approval for such extension .is given by
the Building Inspector.
23. •
2. Should it be ,desired to increase the height
of other- existing party or independent walls, which are less in .
thickness than required,.under .this Code,- this shall be,done-by
lining with.brickwork to form a combined thickness with the old
.wall_ of not less than 4 inches.more'than the thickness,required
for a new wall correspondingwith the total height of the wall
when so,increased in height. Such lining shall be supported on
pooper.foundations and carried up to such a height as the
General Building Inspector .may require. All linings shall be at. -
least 8 inches -in thickness, laid', --up in cement mortar, , and shall
be thoroughly: anchored, "to the old br.,ick wall . with suitable iron
anchors, placed 2 feet apart and lnroperly anchored intothe old
wall by.through bolts or by' exp�nsion. bolts set .in, cement, or by
other approved method. 'The .old walls shall first be cleaned of
plaster and other coatings before any lining is .built again-st same.
No wall shall be lined unless in good enndition, and not until
written permissi-on to do so has .been granted by. the General
Building Inspector.
FURRED WALLS AND HOLLOW WALLS
�.- .1. The inside 4 inches. of, all walls except'fire and.
party walls may be built of hard burned hollow brick the dimensions
of ordinary brick, properly bonded and tied into. ' the walls, but
terra cotta- concrete or .gypsum blocks so used shall not be con-
sidered as forming a part . of therequired thickness of any well.
2. in all hollow walls of stone, brick or concrete
within the inner fire limits, the same net horizontal section shall
be used as if they were -solid. The parts of hollow walls shall
be connected by approved .ties of brick; stone o,rmetal, placed not
over 24 inches apart in any direction.
RECESSES AIM CHASSES IN 161ALLS:
m.- 1.Recesse.s for stairways or elevators may be
located within the required thickness of foundation walls, provided
the walls are not thereby reduced to a less thickness than tr_at
reauired -for a.4th stdr.y-vr.all. Reinforcements shall be supplied
where required to compensate for such diminished thickness.
No brick backing or recess shall be less .than• 8-.
inches thick.
2. No .pipe chase -,shall extend' into any wall more
than one-third (1/3) its required thickness. No'horizontal recess
or chase shall exceed 4' -feet in length in any wall.
No recess in any wall ..shall be made within 6
feet of any other recess or flue in the same wall.
Chasses shall not be permitted within the
.required area of any pier: Chasses or recesses in walls built of
hollow blacks shall not -be formed by cutting of the blocks, nor
,shall, any well be cut after being built without the approval
of the General Building.'! spec,tor. All chasses and similar
openings shall be plaihl'y'marked on plain-'s-.'an'd built as the
walls are carried up.
Neat' fitting metal sleeves, or asbestos
-coverings sha,11. be provided around pipes at each floor. level,
and the chasses at -the ' se levels shall be filled with solid masonry
for the space of one fot in height.
Section 18.,
ARCHES AND LINTELS:
a.-. Openings -for doors and windows .shall have arches
°-ot lintels of masonry or metal, which -shall have a bearing at
each -end of not less than 8 inches in the .wall. Tie rods shall
be ase -din all arches where necessary to. resist the thrust.
24.
f ..
b.- On the inside of openings less than 4 feet wide ' in
walls .of non -fireproof' buildings in which lintels pr'arches may
be less than- the thickness of the wall to be sup.ported, -timber
lintels. may be used which shal'1: rest at'each end not more than.
inches on any vall _
Section 19.
..HEIGHT O.F. BUITLINGS
-a.- No building or structure hereafter erected, except
cv chu.rch spire shal1-exceed in height 32 times the. tiwidth. of, the
widest street•upon .which it fronts, 'nor, shall, it exceed the
following limits:
Height. In
Stories.- Feet..
Frame buildings used for purposes
other than dwelling or tenements, -- 2 35
Frame apartments and tenements--------- 2; 35-
Frame dwellings occupied- by not more
than two. families, --.----------------- 3 '40
Buildings having -bearing walls of ..
hollow building blocks, --------- 2 35
Non -.fireproof buildings, ordinary con-
s tructlon, --------------------------- " 4 55
lion -fireproof buildings, It4ill constru=
ction,---------------------------- -5 65
Fireproof buildings used fox 'factories,
stores, warehouses or workshops,-- 10 120
Fireproof buildings used for purposes
other than 'factories-, stores, ware
houses, and- workshops, -------------- -.20 220
b. -If a .single story building. exceeds 30 feet. in
height the, roof- shall be constructed entirely of 'incombustible
n a t e r i a 1 �.,�- �• r�' � ��a��a�7��yomt4d�_ r _'�-t,:Y� -
c. -'A single story building not exceeding 30 feet in
-height may .have a roof monitor not exceeding 10 feet in lei ght.
d.- No .story of any building above 'the "first story shall
exceed 15 feet in height:
.JC(i V1ULl �iV•
ALLOWABLE FLOOR AREAS::
a.- In Every building of the character named -in-this
section the maximum area of any floor between fire walls or
exterior walls, with and without a full equipment of approved
sprinklers, shall: be as follows:
b.= Non -fireproof" construction:
1. Tenement houses, 3,"000_ square" feet.
2. A]_1 ot,her ordinary non=.firepr.00f :'buildings,
height not exceeding 65 feet.
25.
�, �
1 "� f1 (fes �• -
..
Without
With , automati c
Sprinklers:
Sprinklers
Increase 66,
per' cent:
Frontingon one street oiily, - ----== 5,000 sq. ft.
8, 333 ; sq. ft.
- Two stre'e-ts, or "a street, and a�lle�t;-� 6,•.000'.sq. ft.
10,000 sq. ft. -
Three or more 'streets;------.-- - -- 7, 500 sq. ft.
12, 500 sq.. ft:
3. Mill _Constructed Buildings:
Height Limit -
'100 per cent
65 feet.
'street
�,.,�n�xW�x
One only, ---=--- .-=---.--- 6,500 sq. oto
134
Two'streets or a street and alley, .8,,000 sq. ft.
16,000 sq..ft.
Three -.or more streets, 10, 000 sq. .ft.
20,000 sq; •ft.
c.- Fireproof Construction:
.1. Light -and power stations and office'
build ings. No
restriction as to area.
2. All other buildings not exceeding 120 feet in.
. height:
;
Without
With Sprinklers -
Sprinklers.'
increase 660.
Fronting -on one -street, -------- 10 O00 sq. ft,.
� �(
6 666 - sq. ft.
-Two-streets or a street dnd alley,. -sq:ft.
N ,�� sq. ft,
'Three or more streets;.==----------,-96£�r�g. ft.r2arebfl.
so.ft.
3. The first floor only of, any fireproof
building
occupied as a store may have an .area of 20,000 square
feet, and if r
fully protected 'by.automatic sprinklers may.be increased
50. per '.cent
or have a' maximum, area of 301, 000• square feet.
.Section 21.
FLOOR LOADS
". a.- Each floor of. every building',shall, be 'of
sufficient
strength -in all its parts to bear: safely the weight,'to be ,imposed
,thereon, in addition to .the weight of the door itself.
It shall
" safely support a minimum live load per , square foot .of
area as spe•ci-
fied.in the following,table:
Live Loads in Pounds per -Square Foot:
CLASS OF BUILDIRG. Ground -and Lower' Floors:
Upper Floors:
Foundries, light ,and .
power plants, printing
and lithographing .houses;
Rail�Nay freight - depots,-;=- '250
250
Warehouses,, -------- 1- 200
-200
Car Barns, -------------- 150
120
Fire Houses, ------------- 200
80
Armories, Ball -rooms, Dance
Halls, .,Exhibition buildings,
Factories, Gymnasiums, workshops;
lofts, markets, stables, .stores,
public .halls, restaurants,-- 120.
120
Railway passenger stations,-- 120
90 .
,. Office' Buildings', --- 120
'75
. Court House, -----------------. 100
'100
.Chilr the s , . l i-br ar i'e s , 'auditoriums ,
theatres,----------------:--tl 9'0
90
Schools and colleges,--= ----- 60
60
Asylums; bath -houses; - club -houses,
detention buildings_, dormitories:;
hospitals, hotels, bearding houses;
studios', .60.
50
Tenement, house -s and dwellings-- 60 ...
40
26:
V.- No , safe-. s,hall be -placed ori a stair. landing ''or in' a
stair hall., - nor . shall' its weight: be . carried by" any beam whi'ch•,'also.` .. -
carries'' the floor of any stairlanding or.:. stair ;hall.
Sacti on 22.'
'ROOF LO U)S
Every, roof with "a '-pitch,,*of less than 20 dagrees.uzrith the
horizontal shall be pr opor tion -ed ;to bearsafely a 'minimum live '1"o ad -
of 30 pounds. per 'square foot of .surface. ,. If the' pitch be more than
20 degrees the ,live load may be ass,imed to be a.minimtim of 20
pounds per square foo t'measured- on. a horizontal plane.
Se ct•ion .'23..
COLUi,ZN LOADS
a. -Every column, post;.or .otherver tical support shall.'b' . "
'of sufficient strength to bear safely the .combined live -and dead
loads transmitted to 'it.
b.- In buildings more than 5 stories- in height, the
following reductions are permissible : L+'or' columns supporting root'
and top .floor, no reduction; for •columlas sup-porting'each succeeding
floor, .a reduction of 5 per cent -of the "total live loads per 'floor
may be made, but th-e -to tal.reduction.shall' not exceed 50 per 'cent.
c.- No reductib-n of live loads. on columns shall - be permitted
in buildings "where the .assumed ' floor' load. is,more than 120 pounds
Per square foot and is likely to be permanent in character, as in
warehouses, machine shops, printing hou.'ses, etc.
d.-, -',or structures carrying machinery, such'a8 cranes,
' conveyers,- printing r se , etcy,; at'least 25' pe'r cent sh€11 be
added to the stress. loads to, provide for effect of impact and -
Us
vibrations:
Sedtion 24.
S IDE- WALK LOADS.
For side -walks between . the curb and " building lines, live.
loads •shall be taken at.'500 •pounds per square foots' .
.aection 25.
rFRA1 E BUILDINGS: _ .
Nv frame building`or structure shall be erected within ;
the Inner Fire Lirni t s except: the following :
a. Temporary one --story frame buildings .for use ,of
builders,- and temporary stands, platfo_ms, booths -,-,,for which
permits shall be obtained from the General. Building -Inspector.
b.- One-story sheds open on the long='side .and .not over.
"12 feet high,. with an .area no t 'exceeding 250. square ;feet" constructed
as follows: Angle iron or pipe framef covered- wi.th'.s•heet metal,; or
wood studs covered . both sides with- metal -lath and 'at- least. 3/4
.inch of stucco, or other fire resistive material approved
.by the General Building Inspector. All such sheds shall have earth `
Pr concrete floor, and .no other `wo-odwork,-than .mentioned above.. No
combustible materials, 'shall 'be 'alib'ed, shored in,.such sheds,. _
c. Wooden fences not, over 5 'feet high_.
d.- Biaz"za's" or-balcon"ies• not extending, more ,than •._three
feet above the- upper story floor beams. No suc'h-_.striuctur,e ''shall
extend more than 18 inches beyond._the, bu' i"lding line, or be' placed
within -5 feet of' any property line:.,
e:- Ba,y-windows riot exce`e'ding 80' sq.- ft. or..:-nvt:,more . than
r, 2.7 ., ;
510 wall'`area, virheu covered with incombustible mat
er;al, and shall . ,
not extend more than 6 inches beyond building line ori `streets.
f.-ti%iooden awnings supported .or swung with meter chains o.r,
rods.
Section .26.
Thi;CBM S
Framing timbers for frame buildings shall no t, be less
than. 2 inches thick,. The, width"or -depth,of framing, timbers ,shall "
not, be -less than the, following:
Floor. Joists; .
Not over 14'feet between bearings,-- 8 inches
Not over 18 feet between bearings', .=10 inches
Not over '22 feet, between bearings, '-12 inches
Not over. 24 feet between bearings,' -14 inches
Not -over 28 feet between bearings,. -16 inches _
Ceiling 'Joists: ;
Not over 12 fee -t, between be ar ings',' -- 4 inshe s'.
Not over'18 fedt.b.etween bearings; - 6 inches
Not ulrer' 22- feet' between be Brings, _ 8. inche's
Not" over 24 feet between bearings, -10 inc-hes.,
Over 24'feet prohibited unle-ss trussed:
,Rafters. riot over. -.16 feet long 4'•inch.
Rafters not over 22 ,feet long 6 ,inch.
Any set of .rafters more than 16 -feet 'long' shall b'e:, thoroughly Wih.dbraced, '
No floor joist,& ceiling joists, rafters or studding shall be.:
spaced farther apart than . 24 inches • on centers., and all joists
,mo.
re than 8 inches- in, depth, shall, -bridged., All"frame buildings .
not storm sheathed shall be thoroughly braced at all angles with
diagonal braces.., .Sills for- one-story frame build-1hgs sha1T be nat.-'I_,!.=
less than 24 square, inches:' Sills for -buo-story. .frame buildings
shall be. not less, than 36 square' inches in, cross section:
Section 27. ;
FOUNDATIONS FOR FRA:E BUILDINGS : '• .
a.- Piers 'fo.r frame buildings not over- one story or. 15
feet in height. shall be not .less, than. 8'.x 12 inches.; spaced not
more than 8 feet on' centersand their ,height shall `not- eXceed 6
times, their least horizontal dimension, t�nles•s 'the ,area .of 'piers be.-
increased'.. Piers for framebuildings more than one 'story high .shall
not be less than 8 $ 17..inche's, spac.ed not more than,8 .feet. on
centers; and their height shall no,t.exce-ed '6 times their least
horizontal dimension, except ' as -mentioned- previously. Foundation,
walls may be used for frame - -buildings,. onestory or 15.. feet high,
8 inches= thief �of,'bricY, and for buildings,,morthanonestory high.
13 inches .thick .up to grade and. 8 inche's _thick from..grade' to bottom
Of sills; :a
Sills shall finish t least 24 °inches from grade .to,
bottom of. sill.
Foundation -walls, of- concrete for one and two story
buildings shall be. not less than -6inches thick:
b.- The foo-tings for, piers. under. all frame Iuild'in.gs
shall rest, upon ;solid ground at a`.dep.th at Teast 12 iinches'.'below
the surface of: the .ground,: and shall extend, at leas.. 4. inches
Outward from each -Side of,'the foundation wallsand piers which rest-.
upon them. ;
28.
0
c.- footings and foundations shall be laid in cement
tempered mortar.
bection 28.
CELLAR AND BA SEi,EFT CEILI.i,`GS IN T_�.LdE rs1JITDI1,TG
The ceiling over cellar or basement in every frame
building more than one story high, except dwellings, and in
d�;ellings having any kind of heating apparatus under the first
floor, shall be covered 7Tith metal lath and at least 3/4 inch
o.i cement plaster, or an approved plaster board covered viath
T)laster or metal.
Section 29.
CHIidI TE A.HD
ll chimneys and flues in frame buildings shall con -form
to the following requirements: -
29.
fl-- .s.11 chimneys saki flues hoscC.Tter ercctc,d, alta. -ed
or r,�� .A: od shall . �_,c ,of 11�1_..�rn j- bricl icl i 1 cement
Tlai tour, u e_' "Cl� l_r,=^: , O r OT r ei/1fo:0 'GnC1 `
Ca1'tCtCte, ai` 0 l'lC--y_.1OVCC'_ i1 .CO"i1b11.�'.'ble r �?te^i_�1, C _te71C�1'_1
at least J fee 1 vel t ol, 2 v 11111,e � e
t a..c ,., fl'�.., _roof, f� feet .�',bG . � _ric.`..,
of a
o _oo1f7:?.,t;-a,,p:rc%ea firey_'esistivo -aof
Cf;Verj1-1 'ITa �,1Ceet �b
o otGUS' T
the ridge of a shingle roof if ?nlthi__7 6 feet of the idge, and
i f 1')OrE? .^^.n 6 feet from +1E"lC�•r"^ fG'8f 11JOzJp t1:GJ_1
L'lt-e3'Secti oil with tpero. Ln 4 c in' loy- and shall bC
1�1"oyJB Cly, ,c0i7G'C. anc! all Ch1/nme -,7s and r,ves S'lal]_ sto'-,'t fr om
'n ''r a 1, ,, e -
1Ta .flue shall be less t -an 64, srpiare inches inside _hal iY
not r?ore than 4 inlets.
b- `�hc brick -work, o1: reinforced collcret of smoke flues.
of x,11 boa_-_er,,_,, b'a'ne ovC"_�U, 1a2o'e rookih�
l v.n 6. :C' t -o- F � r r"Ll
1 e ._ a, � J m ro l se Shall � l
's, n _ _'.Ll �_1 1 _::� �. a� �, si_.__i.l�:r ��L_r"��o .. ,r� :l
uet least S inCl1 in t'rlic:lcne-'s. w7.7_s far �raalre _`lvec l.sec.
C'
1,1 z q a .� a .L Ci'rlta." ' Oves o= open firp-,)�_2'.ce shall not
e l % _L 1 / ,, J
T'le less than 4 U ches thick. J3riclr L,et on vd,-a shall _1a t be
pe?rmitted.
C-- ahe:re t'F'o or more smoke flues are can tine C! i__'1 the
e' chi?^y1cZ% t h e it!.' 11 s bei''!e ,r. the, ve7';rI t -__Li ' aha I be r,ot
less tha-n 2w_ inches thick, that is, the t',_ro the 17.711:/1,V'S, i t11
2t lust inches of cer 5,nt mortes betluee ' them.
d^ Z:vcry f7_v..e . chi.7-n_ey, fc-,' :''11a teveL -pur;^o:.e a ;ed,
uT1leSE: required to b[. linea Vlith -fife brick, sh_�l_i i,e linea
.,ith hare; burnea torr°a Cott. the orfire cl y t e
_ i.l f111e
lii!inb- mu,,e U'ipoo-th on the :in�iCe. flll0 llninE; Shall
start 12 i_ncl�esc,m t11e bo.ttm o the 7.oIrjest thiz'1ble, or
frorr the thio --t of he fi..��e-1�7_ace, _.n d. -shall be carr! eel u)-)
continuou_Ely the e"P_ L1i'[p neiUl.t of t1'e flue. '?she e11CZE C..L
section of liniii�)' ;,hall be Pat in comer't mor bar a-nci the
the shall built in as t':'1 flues are cl:_r_ri.ed iip �_lc. have
j:-ooO alai t€- r joiY1t lip t'.'ieG} the tile, an(i .the b.* J.c1nwo_-('!_,,. 17
i�3i"]_ng, rmartar. o1'i1 `i;ey S', ill be 11sec! o"P_ the insicle of
i7 1r 17 ^P�)lO.CC', cihl.::?21lo , or flue .
`� herc it is inn- — able to use f1_,c lir.i'-, the joir]tti of
bT'ic1 7: ork s',cll be struck on the inside of the flues,.
e,- Do chil-.r. e or fluo -shcl I ba u'T'ti:vv-n to ogle side :mo:ce th' n
on o Chir 0 o f it s :;i ze; , anO.. :i.1n nc) ca^e sh_,.11 any chi: ,ncy or- -_Flu e
In.-- 4-4, off set more th^n one inch in 2 feet of "2eiCht, the the
lininq' R -1 -,all be Cut on the -orope.-!: bowel to malio a Clo sc" joint.
::ll s pace bctiveerl linin --s ^11(! masonry ;;hall be the oov�hl�
filled With t.rotlt or mortar.
very chimney Cont'lYliY1r 7 Fire y�lace , 1_".11 hove --ninE;ide
area of 96 square inches.
ice. T
f- T 1"10 C^"3 S1?w17 ,7 cillrlr_e 0e��,0 bel .]i 7�_�. c',onoict
of t . s five !•. 01
_ J. _ l ` -, n f
1�._. i � 1i�, E' cC}".1Y',S�'4 ��1ii�Y1C'„% ., �_i� E'�.L f'. S, ^_1C' T i_i_, 173(\
ps,.rty or fi:^e ',r lls shall not e1'1tel?C' beyo',iG the cent,-ir of
1'U`1 Ia7_ls, :Q(� S11?.�_l 110t �G lle^C'Ll tl"1^x1 6 f'et �n 3.Yl�7 -P'Ile,
fire_l�:cc, o.- chirlr_oy in tho other si0o of the �.r�1e Viall.
�o combustible or .,'ale^thin; shall be,�1^cec7 ,, i -hili ti
i11c1-1s of slay "1111e Unles t lc rn iso:', �, Of X17.0 .flue is
l^.steres_ :ri }1 �.t 1e_� st i.nch(s of e.�nlent moi ta.r o __17_
Ch"iLnn eyS n(' flue. =lot i1'ol'1'?iY! l.?1't of a r1�=SenrY c"ia
!'e't U, -)On the `r ound l; i th y� "0"� faun Cl- tions.
fl'1.e_s-F-"C)-Z ei%C?r `,
.� ., ,� ,� h i _nn _ �" 8 � ' �' lir :' C t 0.:71 b a 1.1,. r
' 1:1G_ 0the,-C _'Tia c?S 3rcC,acill" cor 'es-[_1on 03. 1r teTP -"l.' tux`e
the r. lr .n�l.e' =._._17., .1..i t n -F Lrick o--, conere"
v (? , 'lie
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'. ,. •1 �E; �' 1 �._. _., :. _ _'f'.� i7:'_.` ., ,.'� .:1iCL1 Ca^` ai i t2
-t 4
ch i=e
shall be cal---.-ied u ' o 1.; 0 not less than 20 feethi&hea' t i,�,,n
t',.,e hi--he2t openino* in such i�.iall unless a i-!ritten
is obtained f`,,om the o'�rimer of such '1juil6inE;.
1- —11 chiirmeys oz -L"'IL-.Le-, ,i-;iich -5--ro unsQife or Ci,,=dicc--e.',-ous
ill i;71 ---_y `.-UheASOeli�f , of lj-.',.-ely to -jecome or 6,-,.-n-e±-ou.,:-I,
u
-hall be t,(iIcen 6m;m or m -ad. -Loi'thwith u-oon virit'beia notice
OIIl the '-'TenarEl or Ilize 1,.'arlshal.
I:1- ill '"i--e-places LI-Li(A chiiimey breasts ,,-..,here mantels
6 ' , iiheth3z intei-ided., for orCtinary --Pireplace *u�3e or not,
sha h,--.ve ticii-fimer -rch or other a -p -proved :fi-2cproof conotructic,n
su-p-oortinL!". I -earths'. :!jie --rches cnd he-.i,thts be at lePE;'Lj
20 inchos, in width i.aeasurint; f2?om the -L`c-ce of the chiirffiey b-'2eL_st.
The lend-uh of the tzif.,fiier arch
rch eri6 hoirth sm�ll be no less
thit the width of the. chL--Liey bieaL,,t. -!ill trimmer 2.i-ches shall
stLirt from pro- s, -i no c;L,,,e be less
per skewb�cL if of brick anc. in
than 4 inches thicI-.. Co-Increte fillint-,' only ,:she ll be used over
t -',)-e trimmer arch to level uro for hearths. .-)and. boaces and
uric'E hearti-is shall be prozaioited.
�1.
7% I - 0 fl -LI c
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t�'hi-ck.
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--'-'-j r(JCI_. L'!i?% _-,r1i11:�' ..r r�,' -r'an ._.;�,_. - %l?iLy-),J-
s
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'. ,. •1 �E; �' 1 �._. _., :. _ _'f'.� i7:'_.` ., ,.'� .:1iCL1 Ca^` ai i t2
-t 4
ch i=e
shall be cal---.-ied u ' o 1.; 0 not less than 20 feethi&hea' t i,�,,n
t',.,e hi--he2t openino* in such i�.iall unless a i-!ritten
is obtained f`,,om the o'�rimer of such '1juil6inE;.
1- —11 chiirmeys oz -L"'IL-.Le-, ,i-;iich -5--ro unsQife or Ci,,=dicc--e.',-ous
ill i;71 ---_y `.-UheASOeli�f , of lj-.',.-ely to -jecome or 6,-,.-n-e±-ou.,:-I,
u
-hall be t,(iIcen 6m;m or m -ad. -Loi'thwith u-oon virit'beia notice
OIIl the '-'TenarEl or Ilize 1,.'arlshal.
I:1- ill '"i--e-places LI-Li(A chiiimey breasts ,,-..,here mantels
6 ' , iiheth3z intei-ided., for orCtinary --Pireplace *u�3e or not,
sha h,--.ve ticii-fimer -rch or other a -p -proved :fi-2cproof conotructic,n
su-p-oortinL!". I -earths'. :!jie --rches cnd he-.i,thts be at lePE;'Lj
20 inchos, in width i.aeasurint; f2?om the -L`c-ce of the chiirffiey b-'2eL_st.
The lend-uh of the tzif.,fiier arch
rch eri6 hoirth sm�ll be no less
thit the width of the. chL--Liey bieaL,,t. -!ill trimmer 2.i-ches shall
stLirt from pro- s, -i no c;L,,,e be less
per skewb�cL if of brick anc. in
than 4 inches thicI-.. Co-Increte fillint-,' only ,:she ll be used over
t -',)-e trimmer arch to level uro for hearths. .-)and. boaces and
uric'E hearti-is shall be prozaioited.
�1.
n- To wood mantel or other v;ood;.;o.rk or combustible
T,2_tcrial shall be -Placed v;i.thi.n 6 inches of the side or top of
any open 'o space vrhate--er ;hall be left between
a;=J mantel or Tny -o-rt whether hether of ,rood or brickwork,
and the i,,iason!zy o:� the chiriney breast, but .-11 such space
she_11 be filled in soli6ly ,lith rn«;�onry or mort:�r. Ifo com--
bustible siumrie_r "piece or fireboa.i-d shall be u, -ed in connection
with uny, o ,eri i'he firebacks of �- 11 iire,LDlaces
shall be of solir: rn&.sonry not less than 8 inches thick.
o- :nevi a grate is set in a fireplace, a lining of
firebrick, soap -stone, tile or cast iron sh-ll be added, to
the fire back. l,,o woodwork or other combustible material
shall be -:-,laced nearer than 2 inches to the thimbles, of flues,
x,11 flue holes s�rherl not in use shall be closed will tight
fitting metal covers.
z `_11 thimbles for flue connections sh�_.11 be of terra
co tt;a .
_SM 6 K f� P ! P 157S 3ECTIOU 30.
a,- !,o pipes connected !lith any2,1.-rove or other heating
device whatever roEazdleSs of the kind of .fuel used, shall
-pass through any non --fireproof, floor, roof, partition, wall
or other combustible material, unless protected by at least
1 inch of asbestos covering or .its eouivalent, or by a
metaDl spaced 21' incheu from -a.ick pipe.
b- '.there such pipe passes through any combustible
wa.11 or 6artition, a section of the -�-Iali or -,_..rtition shall
be removed ,n'd the pipe so pl_,.ced t1. no oa t of it Shall
be nearer than 3 inches to any combustible part of such
wail or partition. �a.id ,section of ti;a11 or via:^tition shall
be repl:,ced by ,-)proved !ire -,?roof n terill only and an
air space of at least 2 inches shall be preserved on all
ides o1 sapid. pipe.
c- Ifo hot ,-;ate:r• heater or ether heating a.pplia� ce shall
be -pla.ced udder the utaia:,� or exits of ail
] / buildin._• of other
th�t1 fireproof construction.
X
d-- Yhe sides, ends and tops of all ovens, shall
be at least 2 feet from vrooavrork or other combustible material.
i'he pucksto ys shall be of
metal, aiia the sides o.nd end- shall
be carried u) at least 6 Liches above the highest pert of the
crop --in arch, 0,11d the top_ surfaee of the cro,•rn arch, shall have
heavy coat of cement mortar to iri_iGi] no lime has been added
and then be covered with at least 3 inches of loose sand.,
aria when considered necess fry 'by the '--Tenezal r-czildirig Inspector,
there shell be -placed a, layer of sheet iron, well lopped
co r
I)Ietely coverinv� between and --r•ch.
SEC TION Jl .
a- .ifo kitchen range or stove in auy builc!_J_,-iEI, shell be
placed less than 2 feet to any woodwork, woodla,th andllla,ster
7aartition, or other combustible material, unless sage is
��roperly-_orotectec by a. met l shield h..ving eA least 1 inch
it ;-pace behind, in vsDa
;hich c .se the dist"o.lce ,ll sue not
le then o inches.
b --Hotel and restaurant rang:es shall ire provided with
met_,_l hood at least nide inches bclol,; any i -rood 1'�th and
plaster, or any other cornbustiIDle m��,tcriG.l ceilin _._nc. h: ve
Lr1 inctivi6u,�.l pipe outlet co ncctc ci i ith -_44e i --,a a.ccorc«7ce
:lith the recauirernen ts.
of heati� g ap��li-lice shill be olacod a.ga.inst
32
a wall Turred viith wood or other combustible material.
32.
IZllHUT '_ a
,a- X11 brick or concrete hot air ~Dip es shall
be lined ;lith rnet::l or burned. clay pipe.
h- Horizoiitc,1 hot air furnace pipes shall be
-)l.wced at lutist 6 ia.iches 0elow wooden floor beads or blood
1_tth annci _plaster ceiline_- •, unles_ such beems or cei.lill,gs
proi,ec'Ll eu by met _1 lath =_nd p!. ,L3ter loo,3e Ineta,l
G_r'_le,16,c; oi' the plpe,a covered viith - lecst inch Of
coriugated '_sbestos, in rihich c2se the C.ist-rmce I.mV Oe
r. educed to _lot less then 3 inches.
c-• Cold i-i.Cuct—E _'or hot air shf:ll be
maCe of L,icombustible iiiaterial.
CI - trot air ,)ides wbere thd"ou. h coi:ibustible
'1.1a.rtitiOils Or floors, shall be double tin )ipes viith to€;.- t
1 inch air space be-l;J_-ieen her_i. l;o hot air _;hLll be
pli--C;ed ill a l'Iood stud par ti moll Or ;-11* Coll: iJu stible eiiclo sure
uiiles it be at least B fee horizoii -Ll di,st_,ice -J:roin the
:ri_,l,nace. hot -.ir.- i)ipes eoritciYied iiisicle combustible �ar-
titiom_� Eh`ll ue-olaced insilde another pipe a:Cw'a_nFed to
int1:1iil inch tit ince betrleen tine tvvo oil _.11 sic.es, aria
oc securely covei'eu ciith '- inch of corrucatec asbe,,� uos.
i.eitilei, tide outer pipe nor the outer coveiiil` s_iall ue viithin
1 inch of tine WOOL studdin, and no %,,rood IE:th shall be used
to cove,' the portion of the partition in vihich the hot air .pipe
located. Hot air pipes in closets 2 -L ue double, ri tn
a. s-oace of :,t least1 inch be-uvveen thein oil -11 side:.
3 2-a.
G
f
The ,air .space bettiveen, pipes shall be .o:pen at, the
bottom and= closed' at the top.
e. -,--Every h'o;t , air furnace shall --have, at leant. one.
register without valve or -louvr.es.. _
f.- A,regi.ster located over a brick furnace shall be
supported. by a brick :shaft built. up from: the cover :of the 'hot .-air
chamber;, said shaft shall b"e.,lined vTith a metal pipe, and:." no ,
Woodwor• k shall be.' within two -inch'e's ''of, the outside -face of ` the
shaft. , Hot air: `re,gisters, placed in any wood or :other, combustible
floors shall be surrounded with borders -of incombustible material;
not less than tiro- inches wide9 .'securely set* in place.,'' The register
boxes shall, be of' -petal; and .shall be doub.l.e, vrith a distance of not
less than 1 iilch%between-.the tyro, . or amy -be . single. if covexed with
asbestos not less than 'One-eighth inch. thick and al_ 1 woodwork
within two inches .covered with Imetal.
Section 33.
STE9 4 AND HOT WA`IER PIPES
a.-- No steam. or hot"water .pipe shall be ,within: 'l, 'inch
oany.'woodwork or: other comb
f- ustible- material.
b. -,:very steam or hot water ;pipe.,passing;•throizgh
combustible floors,. `o r ceilings ;or -wood lath and .plaster. - shall, be
protected by.a.-me:.tal tube '11 inch .larger in diameter 'than ,the pipe
and be provided with a close fitting metal cap on 'each .end of said'
tube . .
c.- All wooden boxes, or casings enclosing hot -water
or steam pipes "or wooden- covers to recesse's in walls shall be lined
with metal and the pipes shall 'be kept at .least" .l' inch away from
the walls of such box. Steam or', hot waterpipe c ove'rins shall be
of incombustible material.
Section 34.
VELI 1' F LTTE S AMD D,UC 1 S
a. -Tent flues or duets for the removal of' foul -'air in
,which the' temperature cannot exceed that of the room may be
constructed of 'sheet metal or other - incombustible" material. When
connected, with an.: exhaust fan,: such ducts shall no t be placed
nearer than 1.inch.,,to any woodwork. all such ducts shall,, 'open.
`to the 'outside .of the building..
b.- All openings . into, sii,.ch vents., or ducts,.-shalI be
protected,by automatic fire doors-, louvres -or dampers.
c.- Vent, flues and ducts connected with hoods .over `hotel
and restaurant .ranges shall be- constructed in accordance with
the re'quire.ment.s. and ..shall be used for no - other purposes
d. --All ducts from blower, heating. an -d ventilating S'jstems
`which pais through stories shall be made of or protected
throughout by approved fire -resistive material not less than.
3 inches thick i.f of brick, block' or tile.; or "2G inches o f `solid
imeta'1 lath and cement blaster. , Where such ducts serve more than
one story, automatic dampers shall -be provided on..'all,outlets
opening directly. from such ducts and at :all'conne.ctions with
branch ducts.
Section• 35.. ;
DIY ZOOMS : .
No combustible material shall be permitted. ill the .con-
'struction . of- any- dry r
,room in whicha temperatue o.f -.125 degrees
F. or , over may exist. If, .a temperature under 12-5 F,. is to . be'
used, `the - dry -room maybe 'constructed of -wood ..exce'
pt as herein ;
elsewhere provided; but shall -be .lined ' throughout.with one-
eighth .inch asbestos building lumber, .or approved 'fibre -plaster
board, covered with metal; or covered with metal lath or.
approved fibre-.pla.ster board and -plastered -,to a, total thickness
33. _
IliILy OR ;SLO-'d BURNING CONSTRUCTION:
a.- Foundations. shall conform to the _requirements
mentioned in Section 14.-
419
Outside foundation -walls shall be ..insulated *_-!:Zh
moistur..e, where necessary.
c._ Heavy machines 'or machines causing strong
vibrations shall be supported on foundations independent of.
those of the main building.
d.- Outside walls shall be of brick, the or concrete,
as set forth in this code, and the thickness and construction
shall conform to the ne`quirements' as set forth_ in thus code.
Parapets shall project to cut-off overhang of rboy', , if any,
and special parapets shall be -provided .where monitors
are near fire walls.
.e.- Openings . in fire ,walls shall be protected, as
hereinafter provided.
Section 37.,
x
X
PROTECTION U.11ALL OPENINGS:
a . - Openings in exterior walls -'shall be pr o to c ted with
approved fire doors or Shutters,, or if the exposure is not too
great, approved wired glass windows, may..be used The open Ings
shall be as specified.
b.- Lintels for doors and windows shall be of
sufficient strenE.th to carry therespective loads, and i; -_.o
steel and over openings .more than 4 feet .in width', shal properly..
`� fire-proo.fed.., .good lintels will riot b.e permitted.
c.- Exterior openings located vertically above one
another which are not, protected by approved automatic fire
windows or ' doors . shall have not less than 'three feet of
solid," masonry between the top of -any opening .and the
bottom of the one next above, and no such opening shall
be made within one .foot of the ceiling of the st.ory in
which it is located, provided, however; that 'part' of such
masonry below the -ceiling may be replaced by wired glass in
fixed metal sash and frame.
d.-- All windows and .other openings in side -ovalis of
buildings for a distance of at least ,l0 feet. pitch side of a fire
wall shall be protected as called -for' Bub -section a. hereof. �f
e.- 'Vlhere main sections are separated by fire walls and
,adjoin so as to form an, angle, all window or other .openings in
side trralls for a , di stance .of not Tess than 30 feet from the
angle shall be protected as called for in sub -section a. , here
minor sections, such as boiler or engine houses, adjoin, the
above rule need apply only to main sections of buildings. 17here
there are no-o-enings in one section within 10 feet of the fire
vsrall, the other section need not be protected.
f.- When buildings of different heights ad join, all
windowp of the higher .section above the roof of the lower .section,
,as ell. as- all window -s within 10 fee t of the fire . wall on each
section shall be protected as called for, in sub -section a.'
Section 38.." ;
P QS 15' 0R 0OLUMNS _UM FL -OCE, TIMBERS
a.- Posts shall be proportionedin size ',accordi.ng -to
the loads they will carry, but their -cross- sectional. dimensior_s.
shall not be less than 8 inches. all corners shall be.rounded or
charlred. In calculating the' strength of posts, the net cross- it
section shall be.-considered.-
b:- .Posts shall be. superimposed, ,throughout all ,stories on -
metal caps with brackets., ..or shall have`'ends- connected by
proper.ly designed steel .or iron, caps, pintle ,and .base plate.
blood bolsters maybe used. to support roof girders only.
-c.- Posts shall never rest directly ole_, floor timbers
nor on masonry foundations
d.- All.gir-ders or floor 'beams sha.l. pref Ierably be single,
stick timbers, but if:double stick timbers are used, they shall
be properly bolted together and contact- daces shall be treated
to prevent decay.
e,- Floor timbers shall'not be.' 1 ess than 6 inches
(nominall in either dimension.
f,- In calp,ul'€iting the strength 'of beams -and columns,
the permissible- stresses established iA' the. follow' ing table
shall' -be usedand the net cross secti.on-oftimbers• and not the
nominal -section shall b -e considered.
g.- Wall plates -or- boxes of -sufficient area and of an
approved self -releasing -type shall be provided at the ends
of floor beams where they rest on walls,
Wo'rkiri Unit Stresses for Timber
SPECIES OF TII,ZBIR : Stress in Horizontal Par -
to Perpendicular
Extreme Fiber shear, stress grain -Qk grain
lbs. sq. in lbs. sq. .in. columns
lbs. sq. in. lbs.sq.in.
Fir Douglas -
Dense Grade,
1600
100
1200-
350
Sound Grade;
1300
85_
900.
300
Oak
1400
125
900.
400
rine-Southern
Yellow:
Dense grade,
-1600
125-
1200
350
Sound grade,
1300
8.5
900
300
Spruce-
900
70 -
600
200 .
h.- Vlhe:ce wooden -beams . enter- walls -st opposite si.d.es,
there must be at least 8 inches- of masonry between ,the ends or sides
of these beams and in no -case. shal they enter the walls more
than is required for sufficient support of .the. beams; , there .'shall
always be --8 inches of masonry from the -outside face of the wa11
-to the end of wooden beams.
i.- Vlhere "girders meet at the columns they shall be
fitted around them or -"butted up close .to t.hem.. The .ends of
beams shall be held. in ,place by steel 'or iron straps spiked,_,
bolted or lag screwed on their sides, unless the -post caps have
sides projecting upwards l,ihich can be lag screwed ..to the beams.
j.- Where intermediate beams are-,ne'cessary for the
support of a floor, they shall re.st� on, top of the girders',
inhere S-teel or 'iron hangers- are absolutely necessary, the ends
of beams shall be fitted -as well as,.possible, and. -any inter-
stices,�be'tween beams framed together shall be filled with a
preservative compound.
k.- The width of floor bays depends on the layout .
of the .floor, -the' load's .to be carried. and the arrangement of the
sprinklers; it shall not be less ..than 6. feet betw�en the centers ,of-
the beams.
1.-- All -exposed woodwork shall be planed. smooth..
M.- Steel beams and columns may be. used wherever re-
quired with wood laminated ' or, plank floors and on-, condition- that
the details of supports .ar'e properly studded to eliminate dry rot.,
Section 39.
FLOORS:
a.- The floors shall have the l.east-possible'number
and amount of openings ,..and the se ' shall be - pr o to c ted in an
approved manner, so as to be substantial.
b.- The floors'.. shall. not be less than 2 .inches .(nominal)
spline d.or tongue- and grooved plank covered- with 1' inch (nominal)
flooring, laid crossways or diagonally. Top flooring shall..not
ext nd. closer than one-half inch 'to wells to allow for swellin
g L�
in case the floor becomes wet. T _
e.- If laminated floors are used., at least two laminations
at thle wall shall be omitted- until a.fter-, glazing .and roofiiig' have
been completed.
d.-- Two thicknesses of water-proof paper or saturated-
felt- (but no asbestos) with sealing compound shall be laid
between .planking and the :top flooring, and ..shall be turned up at
least .three inches around the, posts..and at the sidewalls. , 'A
counter-flashing of galvanized iron'or a°baseboard.nailed,in place
with the joint between it and the floor covere.d'with,a moulding-
shall protect the upper, ends of the water-proofing
A fairly, smooth surface shall 'be provided before any
water-proofingis laid and the felt or paper shall be laid
breaking joints, the joints .cemented .and the, surface•mopp°ed
with a water-proof sealing .compound. The top flooring -shall be
laid immediately. fo L1oNring the final mopping.:.
e:-Where plank "floor s' are laid flat, the' boards shall
be two bays in "length if possible and laid t o break _joints
every four feet.
f.- Laminated floors, consisting of. planks , not less than
6 inches ,wide, set. on. edge close., together and' spiked at about
18 inches distance -shall ,have 'the joints broken in ,such a manner
that no continuous line will occur across 'the floor, -and shall
n'o t be spiked. to the suppor ting gird er s in order to avoid :a .
,movement in the girders at the walls due to expansion which,
may be caused by dampness. Joints to be -orly at the supports
and at the quarter joints., with no more than two-thirds-at the
latter. Joints between the planks of a laminated floor shall be
perfectly tight. =
36.
1.1992"
g.= Pipes- or conduits .ektehding through floor shall be
provided with metal-fitting thimbles having close-fitting metal
caps at top and, bottom. The thimbles shall 'be made tater
tight to a height of 3 inches above floor.
h.- Cellar floor shall be of- cement, tar, concrete,
or other approved material, -.aid .on a suitable foundation -of
cincers or broken stone. 'Cement .concrete shall be-properly-
water or damp-.proofed as� the co nditions may require.
Section .40.
ROOFS, 5K_ 11GHTS ANL CORNICES:
a.- Roofs sh,-11-be of plank and''timber co`nstructi_ons
and either flat or of scw-tooth form. ;
The pitch of the flat roofs shall be sufficient for.
proper drainage: r
Timber shall not be less than 6 inches,(nominal) in
either dimension, and shall .be single stick vrhen possible with
the edges beveled.
Plank shall .not• be less than 2 .inches thick -(nominal)
splined, tongued and grooved; or .other approved method..
b. Both roof timbers and planks shall be self-releasing
at their support on the ' walls. E
c.- All: exposed woodwork shall be planed smooth.
d.-- Saw-tooth form of roof and other. trusses •having
iron tension .members and - other, metal connection details .'sha11 be
permitted only in sprinkled buildings. ;
e.- Roofing shall, be of' metal, tile, asbestos, coal tar
pitch, or asphalt and felt, covered with slag or 'gravel, or.
approved composition.
f.- .�'kylights 'shall be built according to the
reauirements of this code.
g.- cornices or overhanging gutters of'robfs shall be of
incombustible material: and properly anchored to the ,masonry walls.,
Section 41.
2AR TI TIONS
a.- In buildings .not more -than three stories high,. .and
in all .sprinkled buildings, parti-tions may- be constructed of 2
inch matched plank or double matched board with joints broken.
b.- All buildings over three stories neigh and
unsprinkled shall have incombustible partitions.
37�
J_ _ -1
t1 i : __e, 05' C;p110''"Gta
11 )e .-jith br ich or co_icrete
r.,r_lls 8 inc..cs this iii bti_i ldii� ,s' not e-iceEo.inCD
till e stories
in height c_id when the ; t .ir s are of inco7!lbu i_; L1ole t�;
,tile' Ilse the walls shall be 12 inche;3 . thick.
�ncla >ui'e w!'.11s of ii-. ,sore th:_,Yi three
Stories nigh Shall not be leE,than 12 inches thick for the
u;) -per 45 feet and 16 inches for the lower section-
c- In sprinkled buil6ings 'lot more than three stories
high, stairwL?,y enclosure walls may consist of steel or wooden
cl the space betz.,reen "them filled With incombustible
materials such as 1)la.ster blocks or term cotta, and ,.Metal
lath and ha_viilg a to ta,l Illi ckrne »s o f na t les., th'n. 51 inches.
d-coilnegtiziY t�"70 i'loUr's Orll-' 7n:�v� be enclosed
aw specified in ' ` even i.fl unsprinkleci builCii_Ags.
�_-
e-- i'he ,7_"11,; of e I e v i1Ci stairiu--y s 1 t2 "';then to ca ted
inside the builuin` c.'h�al.l e>>cend at least 0" feet above the roof.
'_11 hafts shall lie cove I witi1 ;�k�yligh is built acc, 'ctiiiv to
the
111 shalt walls c,_)iryi'i-C�,; i]_ocr 10,=6 -7ha11 not be
le Ss than
12 inches thi c.':.
-r- .' 11 Boar openinJ= S in eIav;__to2 sha �Shall i)e )' avided
isli th u-,)-o2oled fire do`c,rs.
_11 elevators sh�,,11 hle controlled b,j so e i- ch__Lic,,l device
th,t dill 4utomatic__lly )reveiit the c '.r be -,i],21, moved until all
sha1't doors or gates are clotted.
g-
,el- clo ink; liiEC_ao rs sh<,11 be 'E i'
LLuled for _L11_
st:).irti7aysn�i the arc openiilg anon l.andili`s
'lot :ieduce -the to less thl.ri the _'ecuired ',-idth
a-.' the s Ll:.z- s •
h- interior ':il11L101'iS 1n shafts ° = v 1)rohi_'D1ted -
i- The number emd til7idth of e ->its ;;hall conform to
the recaa—re, ent , of this co(Ae.
^ti IiI:, OF `i'I_, , R
"tructur-�1 timber small be free from Eary form of decoy, Jap
Ctyln, ?,'ilei7 the ti-mber 1s, OtPEr',17- se �ounCi, sh;_,!l not 1)e con` ic-.er'ed
r. defect.
b- For _n�) defects in limiteCt ntiLmber or size Corr esponaing• de-
crease chill be Ino:CteAthe a.11owEble stresses used. in the c__lculation/<
of the st-congth o_' timber.
c- C-ird.e_rs', be�-jrns or posts Of yellou,7 _Line or DouLglas 1'12 'S X-C—
not less th-"i 85 ").2r cent of hea.xtriood on each o' the four sides
mea ured across tha )feces a�iyrI:rieL the 'n len Jch.
d- 'zou{_•h timber shall not be morc than - inch thick
and clreosed timber not _no-�'e than � inch scant of normal size.
138
f .• ..
�
i1
j�(�ri
3; 4
2c0tion 4s4;
�.xtra hazardous rooms s'nall be isolated as much as possible
and shall al-v,ays' be sprinkled. The enclosure of such rooms as
well as the floor, ceilir.R_ and posts shall be of fire resistive
material.
.;ecti.on 45.
IJG�,:%? IIJST�'.I,D_�TIOI.JS:
a.- A boiler, if placed i.n 'tne basement of a building, shall be
located in an enclosed apart!,2or.t having brief o:- concrete walls
and Fire -resistive flocr and oiling. Oponings from boiler room
to mai-vi building shall be full'= protected by approved automatic
fire doors; if T)laced in an exterior building, such building shall
eithor be detached -at least 25 feet or have :_posed or adjoining
walls treated as fire :rolls. Floor of boiler room shah_ be of fire -
r.sistive material.
b.- ptakes,from high pressure i:)oilers shall not be less than 3 feet
fro: 411 ti --.gibers or other woodwork.
C.- ill belts or rope drives used to transmit power from floor to
Floor shall be located in a belt toyer enclosed as required for
elevator shafts.
D_ ive shaft holes through walls shall be Droteeted with a..orroved
cut-offs.
Section 46.
03DINA3Y C0I11ST'?UCTIONb
a.- ;+ver 7 irrooden beam in any party or -lire well shall be separated
from any other beam in the wall by at least six inches of solid
masonry;:" Such separation may be obtained b77 s ta-gering• the beams,
corbeling or by the use of approved steel hangers properly anchored
to the wall, and arranged to r:7aJre the beams self --releasing. Yo wall
shall be corbeled more than 3 inches fov this purpose. If the beam
enc� are opposite each other in the wall the separation shall be
not less then 8 inches.
b.-- I.do wooden floor or root beam used in any building within the
inner lire limits shall be less than 2 and five -eights inches thick.
c.- The thickness of wooden beans shall not be less than 2 and five -
eights inches thick in any building where the floor load is greater
than 90 poi_n.ds per square loot.
d . - _.11 wooden trimmer and header beams when over 4 feet in ler_oth
shall be hunt` in approved metal stirrups or hankers.
c.- Every wooden beam, except header ano tail beams shall have
bearings at least 4 inches.
Section 47.
F 1; P L.00I' CGITBT UC`?'IOTl iI?D y I';EPROOr IIJC:
a,.- The space between the floor arches or slabs 2nd the floor
finish shall be solidly filled with concrete specified. The
filling beneath wooden floorin4 shall oe made lust with the
under side of the floor boards. x::,11 floors shall be made im-
39 .
pervious to water.
b.-- Ezoept as permitted, all shafts and public hallways shall be
enclosed and separated from the rest of the floor space by fire
resistive enclosures, and shall have floor surfaces and trim of
approved incombustible material. The stairs and stairway landings
shall be of incombustible material.
c.- No woodwork of any kind or other :i� combustibl_e material shall �K
be used in the construction of any fireproof building, except
wooden floor strips, grounds, bucks and nailing blocks, when en-
tirel2.- imbedded in incombustible material; also the wooden finish
flooring and. interior doors and windows, when not otherwise specified,
with their frames, trim and casings; also interior trim when backed
solidly with.fire proof material, may be of wood. Wooden wain--
scotin� more than 3 feet high, or wooden ceilings shall not be
-oerriitted.
Section 48.
FT3EPROOF ING, FLOM AND GOOF COIIST-RUCTIOI
a.- Fireproof construction betA�,een steel floor and roof beams
shall consist of segmental arches of brick or concrete; or segmental
or flat arches of hollow Cera cotta; or reinforced concrete; or of
such other equally fire -•resisting material or construction as may
be ap-proved by the Building inspector after fire, grater and strength
testsa
b,- 1`411 segmental arches shall have a -rise of 14 inches to the foot
of span. ,steel tie -rods of proper size, spacing and location
shall be used in all arches to Properly resist the thrust. Such
tie -rods shall be completely encased to a depth of at least 2 inches
in fire -proofing material which shall extend into and be anchored
to the arch.
c.- The spacing of floor or roof beams in fireproof construction.
shall not exceed 8 feet on centers except when the slabs between
them are composed of reinforced stone or -ravel co;n ioete, in which
case they shall be limited by the design.
d.- Tegmental arches of brick shall have a thickness of not less
than 4 inches for spans of 5 feet or less and 8 inches for spans
exceeding 5 feet and not exceeczi.ng 8 feet. Brick arches shall be
composed of good hardburnt common or hollow brick. The brick shall
be laid to a line on the centers and properly and solidly bonded;
Y_z� L4 longitudinal line of brick shall break joints with the ad- X
joining lines. The arches shall spring from suitably designed
solid skewbacks made of the same materials as the arches a-nd be
properly keyed. The bricks shall be well wet before laying and
the joints solidly filled with mortar.
e.- Hollow terra, cotta, the used :for floor or roof arches shall be
hard burned or semi -porous and of uniform density and hardness. _-,11
terra cotta arches shall be properly keyed. the key blocks sn2,11
always be '_laced within the middle third of the span. Stil.ch arches
shall have sufficient depth betcreen the top anCi bottom faces to
carry the. load to be imposed, but not less than 6 inches. The the
shall have at least 2 _cellular spaces in the de-Cth. Fla.t arches
shall have a depth of not less than 1z inches for each foot of span
between the beams, this not to include any portion of the depth of
the that projects below the under side of the beams. The total
depth shall in no case be lees than 9 inches and the the shall not
be less than 3 cellular spaces in the depth.
The shells of arch blocks shall not be less than r inch thick-
ness and the webs shall not be less than five-ei?:hts inch in thick-
ness. every arch block shall have at least one continuous vertical
inter.,al rreb for each 4 inches in width. There shall be rounded
fillet' in -11 inter-nel j.ntersect-ions. The ske"rb`?chs of all holloll-
tilea.rcr,e8 sh211 be of such formand section as to a.ccv=—.te17 "7'.t
the and receive the thrust -off the arches and shall
h_,ve shells, of at leas i ince thick, and ,Tebs not less than.
inch tlh�i car. The Safe load o-..? te.r'ra c0 tta 'arc—hes shall
be deterrAijied by deL-iF_n or by test as , cctf rr+. The allowable e -
trene fibs:e stress i: -j compre�'sion in terra cotta floor the shall
r tlrr
e k.en as 500 nouns c -per sc,ua._�^e inch o:n. net' section. X
f . - _i 11 se 7:?e-nta1 ai ches Cir f11. at ss1 a bc, of e Ll forced ,sonar ett
shell be designed and constructed in a.ccorince with the reQuire-
mer,ts of tris section.
.- iclloii terra soft-? or co;lcrete tile, or solid gypsum bioch4
in- `',v be u.sed for fireproofirL, bet"leen tC steel frame Jon?, of
co: s true tion; but such file or blocks shall not be 1 ss than :3
in,CA,os thick find the aupporting steel members sL ll be s -paced not
T:1or.- than 25 inches c.L1 centor ;j' afl C:�_i C; .)locks of tJ le moi._"e
to '! e cis , the lJcni ,i ' g strr'r`.-�sos-', the steel
vNpo_ ' :i_r_� m ._ }?ens m«y L„ sp sec. r -o t o __c :c. 0 incl es a?'t.
TT' --'e ':'1 -�12,n os o f s gyp- m �a c? - i l b � tc ' ' a 20 �r
-'--,-- bottom � g., .. ., „�. .� ,a:__.be.. �, .,�'_-- Jv n��o c �r::� � el , t.r_ere
p?.
Section 49.
Pr,'� OOFIi'1G,
PROTECTION OF 11JETAB ,13.
a.- :ill colUjpns• which support steel gi-rders c«rrying exterior ,falls,
and all columns which are built into i alls and all columns which
are built into walls and support floors only shall be left unpainted
and protected against corrosion by a coating,- of Portland cement
Mortar, and against moisture and fire by a easing of masonry, which
shall not be less than 4 inches thich of brick or 3 inches of con-
crete on all surfaces; all to be dell bonded into the m,sol ry of the
enclosing walls.
b.- '.7a.11 girders shall be left unpainted and have a coat of Portland
cement mortar and the same masonry or concrete ,protection as re--
qu-ired for ZFral columns all to be securely tied and bor_ded and the
extreme outer edges of flanges of beams may project within�N
inches of the outside casing, The inside surfaces of the Orders
shall be similarly protected by masonry or concrete.
e.- ill metal structural members whi.cr. support loads or resist
stresses other than orovided for buINo preceeding paragraphs, X
shall have a protection of fireproofing as herein specified. The
protection material shall be brick, concrete, terra, cotta or
gypsum block. Plaster shall not be considered a -part of any
required fireproofing' for metal structural members except where
L
specifically mentioned.
d.- _'�11 brick and blocks used in firej>roofing shall be set in
'Portland cement mortar except gypsum blocks may be set in gymsum
mortar.
e.-
1) the protection shall cover the columns at all ,points to a
thickness of not less than 3 inches and be continuos from the base
to the top of the column. The extreme outer edges of lugs, brackets
and similar supporting; metal: may be within 1 inch of the outer surface
of the protection.
<) If brick o:rblocks are used for fireproofing columns, they shallX
be accurately fitted, laid with broken joints and all s-oa.ces between
outside layer and the metal solidly filled with masonry or concrete.
3) Columns located in damp places shall be fireproofed with Portland
cement --mortar concrete.
4) Columns made of steel or wrought iron pi-oe filled with concrete
shall be protea ted by at least 1. inch of fireproofing.
5) ,,here the fireproofing of columns is exposed to damage from
4-a ,
Section 49 Con't.
trucking or handling of goods the fireproofing shall be jacketed
on the outside for a height of not less than 3 feet with metal
or other approved covering.
6) The protection of the webs and.bottom flanges of girders and
all members of trusses shall have a thickness of not less than
two inches at all points. The protection of the iliebs and bottom
flanges of beams, lintels and. all other structural members shall
not be less than 1- inches at any poir_t.
If hallow terra cott.o, file be used for protection, the lotxrer
flanges of beams and similar members shall be encased either by
lugs which form Dart of the skewb:acks and extend around the flanges
meeting at the middle, or by the slabs held in position by dove-
tailed lugs -,oro jecting from the skewbac'_s. In either case care
shall be taken to .insure that all joimts be solidly filled with
mor tar .
7) Concrete protection f r all st uctural members shall be held
in position by suitably interior steel anchors hooked
securely around the flanges or angles of, the members at intervals
not exceeding 8 inches apart.. these anchors shall not b.e less
than one eight _inch thick if flat or one tenth inch in diameter
if of lraire anti shall be located at a distance of to 1 inch
from the outside surface.
8) Steel angle or channel struts or other structural framing not
otherviise provided for, which are used for support in any thrall,
-ra.rtitil on or other construction, shall be fireproofed as required
in this section.
9) 1,1etal .fronts on the exterior of buildinE,s over 1 story
high shall be backed up or filled in :,rith masonry not less than
8 inches thick.
Section 50.
1JISCELLAEEOUS FIRE 100HUG
a.- Defective or damaged fireproofin_c. shall not be used. I k,_11.1 fire-
proofing construction_ injured or damaged after being erected shall
he repaired to the satisfaction of the 8uil6ing Inspector before
any finish or tilling is placed Over same.
b.-- b?o pipes, irrires or cables or other material shall be encased
within or embedded in the required fireproofing construction �ro-
tection o . columns or other structural members.
c.-- All metal lath and plaster ceilings shall be supported by -
hant_,er s or clamps .attached to the floor or roof constrl:,ction in an
approved manner.
d.- Mudding for metal lath -partitions shall not be spaced over
16 inches on center and shall be securely fastened.to the floor
and. ceiling construction.
e.- i.Iatal. lath shall be of galvanizied. steel Y.,ei�hing not less than
54 ounces per square yard. ',Vire lath shall not be less than lic.
20 gauge and sheet metal lath not less than 24 gauge.. i.7e taI
lath shall be laced to the su-oportin; furrin`' or studs at intervals
not exceedinn- 6 inches.
f.- _after fireproof floors -are constructed no o",eening greater than
2 square feet shall be cut t3-r.t1 Them i,n1c,ss o"a` t,.-blc, _10 tat fresning
or rcinforcing is p. o ricled L ..1. zd the opening.
After �cijjes 011' c0la—
du-its in place, all openings arcu_nd them shall be filled in
sol!c.ly viiith fireproofing material u,,less a-oT�,roved close fitting
individual sleeves are provided as specified.
A
Section 50 Cont.
�ulTv V �+LJULiJi'dri'+
The steel reinforcement in c.oncrete for fireproofing; shall
be of duality required by and the installation in accordance with
this ordinance. The longitudinal members in mesh reinforcement
shall not be spaced more tha.n.4 is chka centers and the least dim. -
Dnsion 2 inches. ,-iesh metal fabrics of all kinds shall have a
side lap of'' not Less than 3 inches.
W .11 reinforcement esse_, tial to secure the required strength
of arches or slabs shall be fully embeddedin the concrete and shall �¢
have a; protection of at least 1 inch of- concrete on the under side.
c.-. _:rposed metal centering or exposed metal of any kind shall not
be considered a facto.r in the strength of any part of any concret
con titruction sub jeed ct to fire; and the plaster finish appliotT:-r
the metal shall not be uccel teO as sufficient protection.
C I ,R 007CRETE.
fe/ f .- Cinder concrete may be used constructively as fireproofing,
only for floors.: and roofs betl-!een steel_ beams and for interior
non-bearing via,lls.
'j..- Cinders shall be composed of hard, t -!ell burned vitreous
clinkers, free from sulphides fine ashes and forei_*jnatter, and
n' more no r t f a � r k r. �_ dfi
no r:.a e t,.�n 15 pc_ cen� o_ unburned co�1 0_ co_.e. the use of
ga,shouse, locomotive stove or heating furnace ashes or cinders
is-n--ohibi ted.
►.- Cinder conorete in the pro.aortions of 1:2:5 except �rrhen used
as fill shall develop an aver age crushing strength of 500 pound s
per tiquare inch at 28 days, and the a.11,owable extreme fiber stress
in compreE.sion in cinder concrete slabs betv!een steel beams, shall
not exceed 500 pounds per square inch. The ratio of the moduli of
elasticity of 1:2:5 cinde.r concrete and steel shall be taker, at
1:50.
Section 51.
OI,P1OT'IOTIFO' 1=,`L ' 'OUCiT�_'1i, IT ITON FIRE2200] BUILD IO
Steel girders am steel or ironcolvsms ttrrhich support masonry
�wa,lls other than those -facing; uvon a street shall be proteetd by
at least 2ti inches of .fireproofing of the same mcterials and
, )-plied in the same manner s-pecified.,, or by 2' inches of metal
lath and cement plaster applied in 2 layers irji th an air space
between them.
b :-11 other iron or steel col-mmis or steel
the Like members of an unsv_pported length of
protected by at least one inch of met=al lath
its eouivelant.
Section 52.
P1'IR ITIONS IN FEE PROOF BUILDEIGS.
girders lintels and
over 10 feet shall be
and cement plaster or
a.-- In fireproof buildings all partitions enclosing public hall,<,Tays
or separating the spaces occupied by different tenants and all other
permanent partitions shall be built not less than 4 inches chick of
solid or hollow brick, terra cotta,, concrete or mypsum blocks or
tile; o,• not less than 3 inches thick of reinforced concrete or
solid metal lath and cement plaster; or of such other incombustible
materials and thickness as shall meet the requi.cements of the par-
tition fire test as reouired. The required thickness for block
or tile, nartitionns shaft be exclusive of plaster. All such par-
titions shall be securely Tastened to the fireproof construction
of the floor and ceiling. "-11 bricks, blocks, or tile shall be
lain- with broken joints.
b.- k1l ?partitions in fire -proof buildinsrs shall be independently
supported at each floor level anwhere lateral support is .not
sufficient they shall be stiffened by steel reinforcement encased
in the construction,
-Sectiori 52 Con' t.
c.-- Structural steel members nec•es_sary for ' supporting a partition
or for framing doorways or other apenings `through it hhall be
protected, by at least 1 inch of fire proofing. Cement plaster may
be used for this purpose if properly keyed. :
d.- X111 openings i'n public hallway parti-tioiis shall be protected by .
approved fire doors or fire windows.
e.- If :a' stair hallxvay,bb considered as part of the stairway
and the latter is not separately enclosed- as required, then the-
-enclosing partitions for the hallway shall be considered as- stair -
way shaft and shall be built according to the requirements.,
�.- if the partition surrounding a public hallirvay'be erected in
accordance with the requirements .for a fire exit partition it may
be considered as a horizontal exit for an occupancy, equal to the
area of the hallt�!ay in square feet- divided by 3.
Section 53:
FIRE -__-:'�E'SISTIVE PAR TITIONS Iia NON- FIREZROOF ',BUILDINGQ:
a.- In n:on-proof buildings all partitions- enclosing- public hall- �.
ways or sVarating the spaces occupied by different tenants shall
either b_ -e ` built - as required or they shall =be built of not less. than,
3 in ch approved solid or .hollow partition blocks or- tile, .or by
3 'inch h-ollow or .2 inch solid metal studding and lath i,vith cement
plaster on each side, or of any. o,ther 'ma'teria.l and thickness as
-shall meet the requirements of the pgrtit i.on fire . test as prescribed.
Wooden studs shall be set.with- the 4 inch dimension at right angles
to the plane of the wall,.
such partitions shall be fire -stop_' ed the, full depth of the
floor beams at each floor, level in the mannerprescribed.
c.- Openings in such .partitions shall be protected -by fire doors
and fire twindow&_ -,as specified.
d.- The principlegoverning hallway -partition hallway• partition construction as
stated shall, apply -to the construction of like partitions in non -
fireproof buildings. _
Section 54.
RIE I1i F OR CED COITMIZETE. 004,13 RUCTIOIJ.
a,,.- 3einforced concrete will be approved .for all types of building
construction provided the design, conforms with good engineering.
practice and the working stresses .do not exceed those herein'
specified. ' The construction shall meet the requirements of this
cods. in all respects and in, addition shall conform to such other
-rules as may be issued by the Building Inspector or .other authprity,
havintF such jurisdiction..
b.- The plans and specifications for- reinfo.tced concrete construc-
tion required to be filed with the Building Inspector shall be
accompanied by stress computations and descriptions showing the
general arrangement of the, entire construction inall important
,details including the size, length and points of bending of all
reinforcement, the quality proportions and methods of mixing the
ma,ter'i-als ' used ir�the concrete and the dead and live loads each
floor is' design�.Zad to carry.
c.- x.11- such plans and specifications shall.be signed by the
architect and the contractor or person applying for the permit.
In no case shall the construction d6viate from the approved plans
and specifications except by the written' consent o -f the Building
Inspector,
44.
Q.,`LC� 4 -
Section .54 Con't.
d.- The concrete in reinforced concrete construction shall
consist, of a mixture of n : ^f ... t plastic or viscous
consistency_ of one part of cement -td not'more than 6, parts
of aggregate fine and coarse, either in the proportion of
1:2:4 or in such proportion as to produce:a maximum density.
Such concrete shall develop a crushing.strength of at least.
2,000 pounds per .square inch at 28 ' days.
e.- Concrete in the broportion of one partcement to four and
a half parts of aggregate which may be desirable for special
work such as. columns shall develop, a crushing strength of not less
than 2400 pounds -.per square inch at 28 days, -and the working stress,
of such concrete may be increased .20 per cent over that permitted
elsewhere in this part.
f.- :each test shall consist of a' set- of. at _least 3 standard �I
cylinder specimens,, 8 inches in diameter, and .16 inches high, and
the average of the 3 tests shall be taken as the 'result for record..
g.- The test specimens shall be secured at such times and., in such
proportions of the structure .as the Building Inspector may direct
and the concrete' may be taken from the mixer barrows or from the,
forms after it is deposited. The result. of such' test shall be
considered in conj•onction with the test of worlonanship described.,,
h.- Fine aggregate. in concrete for, r-einforced concrete construction
shall consist •o.f: sand, crushed stone, or .gravel screenings Passing
when dry a screen. -having !.inch hole s..cndd nnot more than 6 percent
passing .a sieve having 100 meshes per. inch. It shall be
clean and free from quicksand, vegetble loam, perishable organic
matter, or o ther deleterious materials i
i. --Coarse aggregate, in reinforced concrete construction shall
consist..of crushed stone, or gravel :viihich is retained on 'a screen
kaving 4. inch holes and shall be graded in size from sell to
1Q.rge particles. The maximum size shall be such that all the
aggregate will pass thru a Vti inch diameter ring.. The particles
shall. be . clean., hard durable and''fr-ee from all deleterious -
materials. I-
j.- Gravel shall be free. 'from clay or loam and shall be washed.
1,7hen bank -run gravel is used, it shall ,be -screened from the sand.
k- All steel used in reinforced concrete shall meet the require-
ments of -the Current Standard specifications for Billet -steel,
Concrete Reinforcement Bars of the .�merican Society for testing
materials. Ido reinf,orcernent produced from re -rolled rails ,or
second hand materials shall oe used. in any structure witliou the.
written permission of theBui.lding Inspector.
rl•.� In the design of reinforced concrete structures when the
.concrete is mixed in the �propor.tion of 1:2:4 and satisfies the
strength requirements the following working stresses for concrete
and steel shall. -be used:
resisted by steel 40
Bond stress between concrete and deformed bars 100
Tensile .stress in steel reinforcement 16,000
:bearing on concrete surface having a. total area. at least 3 'times
the area of .the.load.ed portion,, may be -taken at, 37-_- per cent of
45.
Lbs. -e'er Sq.
Inch.
Extreme fibre
stress
on concrete in compression
650
Concrete
in direct 'compression,
500._
Shearing
.stress -When
web reinforcement 'is pro-
portioned
to resist
2-3-oi external vertical
shear.
1,20
Shearing
stress -,;when
diagonal tension isnot
resisted by steel 40
Bond stress between concrete and deformed bars 100
Tensile .stress in steel reinforcement 16,000
:bearing on concrete surface having a. total area. at least 3 'times
the area of .the.load.ed portion,, may be -taken at, 37-_- per cent of
45.
Section 54 Cont.
the ultimate strength o the concrete wheli all other stresses are
properly provided -for:
Compressive stress in steel as specified in'the ratio of the
moduli of - elasticity of steel to concrete.In continuous beams
the extreme fibre . stress in concrete in compression ma.y be in-
creased 15 per cent - adjacent to the supports: In-pr.oporti..oning
the section of concrete for shearing stresses, the ,effective
depth from center -of compression area to center of steel shall
be used,
Stressedila� coacre e .mi =_ed in the "proportion of 1:12:3 in
accordaknc'�" b ed 20 per cent in excess of the above
qay
stresses. 1.
In continuous slabs, be9ras, or girders full provision shall be
made for the negative bending moments over "the supports by placing
sufficient rcinforcernent near the, top of the members to resa-et
the "stress. This reinforcement shall pass beyond the point of
inflection in beams and girders and be anchored to .the compression,
concrete of the member w sufficient distance, to develop the full
tit:rength of the steel thru bond stress. The critical section of
continuous cons-truction 'is Over the support.
Mad
The allowable 'workin : stresses and..moduli. of elasticity for
concrete composed o,f other than stone, gravel. or cinders shall
be determined by the General Building Inspector from actual.tests.
Section 55.
GFI'E3 L A.SuUKPTIous-I EELATFO'HCED COITC?BTE COi;SL'-?UCTION.
As a ba-si-s for calculatingthe strength of beams and slabs the
following assur�pti ons shall be made:. -
A plane section before bending remains plane after bending.
The modulus of elasticity of concrete in compression remains
constant 'Within limits of .working stresses fixed in .this code.
The adhesion between concrete and reinforcement is perfect.'
Concrete has no value in resistance to tension.
Initial stress in, the reinforcement- due..to contraction or ex-•'
p-ansion in the concrete is negilible.'
The ratio of the moduli of.,ela,sticity of 1:2:4 stone. or gravel
concrete and steel in flexure shall be taken -as' 1:15.
The ratio of the moduli of elasticity of, 1:11-:3 stone or gravel
concrete and steel. in flexure shall be taken as 1:12.
The' span length for- beams and slabs. shall be tdken as. the
distance from center to center of supports but need.not be taken
to exceed the clear span plus the,over-all depth of beams or slabs.
Brackets shall not. be considered as'reducing,the clear span in the,
sense here -intended.
The bending moments of slabs due to unifor.ml',y .distributed loaels
Shall be taken as not less than;
one' eighth YTL .at center when simply supported.
one tenth- at center and con tinuous,,suppor.t tirrhen supported at one
end and continuous at the .other.
46.
F
Section 55 Cont.
One twelth 'IL at center and intermediate supports when continuous
over more than two supports.
?. is total distributee deed and live loads.
L is length of span.
The bending moments of uniformly loaded slabs sup_por.ted on 4
sides and reinforced in both directions shall be taken as
one eighth- '11 L at center in each direction when simply supported
One tenth'_ 'J! L at center and continuous support when continuous
over 1 support.
One twel th at both center and supports when continuous over 2 or
more supports.
The distribution of loads on square and rectangular slabs sup_)orted
on tour sides shall be determined by the follo ;ring formula.
e qu.9 l s - L
L - B
in which H is the ?proportion of the load supported by the trans --
verse reinforcement, L, the length of the slab and B, the breadth
of slab. If the length of slab eViceeds V5 times its width the
transverse reinforcement shall be designed to carry the entire load.
The term "beam" used in this section shal.1 be understood to include
the term "girder" unless sY.)eci is distinc'i.or_ is made.
The bending moments of uniformly loaded beams shall be taken as
One eighth YI T at center when simply sup-rortee.
One tenth "! L 2t center and over continuous support when supported
rt 1 end and continuous at the other.
One t�,relth :11 L at both center and supports when continuous over
more than 2 supports.
Beams supporti7,.g• rectangular -slabs reinforced in both directions
shall be assumed to. take the Oroportions of load as determined b,T
f ormula .
The bending moments of slabs beams .or girders lrrhich are continuous
for 2 spans only shall be taken as one eivhth '.:'L over the central
support and one tenth !.,Y_L near the center of the span.
The bending moments for slabs or beams with spans of unusual
strength or due to other than uniformly distributed loads shall
be'more exactly computed according to.accepted theory.
Members of web reinforcement in beams shall be\s gned -dor diagon-
al tensile stresses using the calculated vert-ical shearing stress
4s a. measure of these tensile stresses. They shell n t be spaced
to exceed s of the depth of the beamthat portion`''' -fie web
streswes exceed the allowable .value of the concrete in shear. It
shall be assumed that 2-3 of the external vertical shear is
provided for by the steel in calculating the stresses in stirrups,
diagonal ilieb members, and bent u� bars, and the remaining 1-3 of
the shear shall be assumed as ta.kerl by the concrete. in accordance
with the section. ,
':'eb members such as stirrups when not rigidly attached to the
longi_tudinal steel at both top and bottom shall be carried around
and bent over the longitudinal members or otheryTise sufficiently
anchored in the compression. concrete to detielop the tr nsile
stresses existing in them. ')iagonal members shall be rigidly
attached, to the longitudinal steel on the tension side. 2tirrups
at the ends of continuous girders shall be inverted v,ith the
� rj-n
)-ID 1L�I
Section, 55 C;on't.
free ends anchored in the -compression concrete at the bottom
of the beam: The, length of -stirrups shall be sufficient to
develop their entire tensile stresses by adhesion.
;here a.d'ecuate bond -is ,provided at junction bet!riieer_ slab and
beam and the t\,io .are cast at the same time as a unit the slab
rnay.be considered as an integral part of the bear] provided its
effective width shall. not exceed on either side of the beam,
one-sixth of the length of the beam, nor be �rea.ter than 4
times the thickness of the slab on either side .of the beam, the
measurements being taken from lisle of intersection between
slab and beam.
In beams with T sections the v:ridth of the ste-_1 only shall be
used in calculating longitudinal shear and diagonal tension. Z.n
effective bona shall. be provided at the junction of the beam and
slab when the principal slab r einfor cement is parallel to the
bears by the use of t1Iansverse reinforcement extending over the
beam and well into the slab.
Ln the design of T beams, acting as continuous beams sufficient
compression area shall be provided on the under side at the
support either by the use of properly designed brackets or by
ei�]bedding e,.dditional compression steel in the concrete extending
to u -he -coint of inflection.
TheYni-,iimiim thickless of concrete floor slabs shall be 4 inches
and the roof slabs 3' inches.
Gement or concrete floor fir!i.sh shall not be considered in ca.l--
culati_n�� the strent, th of :Floor members unless it is lain at 'L, -,-e
sa:'.e t1Ple they are
TI- Ca C' '7 'i1 of con11JOE'ite f1O0S, consisti-1r,' of rc'"vs of hard bur-,ied
tO-!'ra cotta tile, Concrete blocks, sheet steel or ot-her
ribs, a-,)proveo.
'Li -re ae_istive �te ial x7rgratcd by or of rgi forced
cO=1c etc, shall conforms to all t'i1(� r,_-CO7.TIEl-onu Of this ._rt cle SO
far a they ,,e a-0pl.ica.blc. ` ho r'_bs or blocks shall bo regarded
Orl�j'�-S fillers and shall not be con _;idered in the o_x_ce-.-)t
ma c. ! c _.i �l r � T e. a.- the old , t y� above
� 10 . C'.. I :L d :; � a_ `11 C, d <.. �� �. J . i] , h e, slab ,J O r l,� i o _� u.1J G . ��
the fillers shall be �-t least 2?•- trick ant , shall consist
of the same mixture as used for 1,--richesthe ribs. 'i'o re:e.st expUnsiol_
�• (• n e c s r o %' -= r' e m e -� t l c r, j_r . _� 7 h e ci,-,,i
st' c..=.�e� l L__ -O_C r_ 1 t 1J!r S t_O L e _lel_ 1=1C
shall be -placed in the conc-rete at right anglcs to the ,,J-bs and
o'oz'e the filler, `.t ;_',ter?%.els not -seeding :3G inches.
The length of col_lu:]nU ^'1"- 1.1 not cxcO3Ct l -E tl._.e_ _]
hall <., 1 act ;tide Cr
dig:'_, Lcy bo lc -ss inLn 12 c! rte 7 1 - ;- t c,:ha 1 r
e.n lcr�. �_ � .�: g�h 1 i__cluc�c and
co_b'ol c'^ ,,Mce brace .tta".ched to the coluzan.
C1 1 comp- on i-!"'_ _ e n.forG•od : onol'eto col -u=s wit o",-, � hGG�: ,
ban -, a 1 .3 c. c rnine, nG t leers t aner c 0 ,1U r!ore
t ha,n per seat of. vcc.
rtiaI ro n 'J cn
0rcemt, 4securcd i n s t tat-eral
1 ro i r' i C' a -part 5
di..pl�.c•er:�er! �� b� .,• �e 1 tics. pl..cea not f rth r �..�,�:rt t-�a.;.� 1�
dia:-!o;,::rs of the vcrtica:l rod, nor more titin 12 inches shall not
c. -c'oed 500 .pounds -o or cuare __-ch on the effective e_re of iht,
conc^ete, -plus 6000 pounds _oo.r co -a re inch on the vortical re-
in of cera en L o r!r o poi_ eYlt� `C of reinfc: rjo. B It i]�111 be C"- 1CulF t G��-
u?JO1l. the eff 2 Cti-ve O"�'e- o L'Le co_LUr _-i ihi0h ithe a re C!ithiii
the -reinforccment. 2 -Leel ries all -lot lie ti aL K inch i
etcrQr le::ct dimef1-9j.on. "t leQS,t 4- 70r tical 'oar s shall be
u:;ec, in everdj=einfrorecd colt -,'rayl, end no b,_,! l''-Iall have `_'.:7 area
of less thazi inch s.oaare.
42
Section
�
- c tA. on 0021.1
1, 7-i al r;()')]Pf 0 s s, i on in 1", c, in -.-E'o_r ce Cconcrete colunns, v,,i th not legs than
r0 r�, -(Ji
-- -- i, of hoops or that is, a voli;me o -P steel equal
to --,-!o lc stir an 71 par. -ert of tho, co_lur,.m of concrete l.-ithin the
11 , Ih, L LI
or s-piraic for --(, arthel,
a i,�n i 1-U lo,�i,,-th of column, spaced not f
ay L 2., _L
� t than I -C) of the diame'L,er of the oncloced but in no
cc,so less than 3 incl -les,, frith 6t less than 1 per cent nor more
then L_ per cent of Terli-ical, rej.nfo2pement, shall not eirCI_ed 750
Pounds per squ,,:are inch on the effective :�rea of the concrete, .plus
9,000 pound. s per s ci-nal, e -1 rich on the ve r ti cal a, e irif o :,,came -zit '_LIh e
hoo-,-,-- and spirals shall be uniformly spaced and shall be fi�'idly
attached to at least /11 vcrtical_ bars in each convolutions
j.Ixial compression in structural steel. columns thoroly encased in
X, I- -
concrete having a mini -mum thick: es of 4 inches and reinforced ir.,ith
not less th,�a I -,,)e2 cent of steel, that i - U
, volume Steel eclu-I to
1,
1 -.oer cent of the volume of steel within the reinforcement, equally
divided beti,,ree-n vertical _reinforceme_'^t and hoops and spirals s-
paced
not more than 12 inches apart may be t_-i:en at 16,000 pounds ler
square inch on the not section of the structural steel, no alloviance
being made for the concrete casing.. The hoops or spirals shall
be placed , -1
not nearer than 1 inch to the structural steel, no,, near -
e i : tl -_ --- n inches to the outer surface of the concrete. !"he ratio
of lo-,2r-th to least -radius of gyration of 'the structural steel
section shall not exceed 120.
The com-oression on the concrete may be increased 20 per cent when
,the fine and CoQ, -,,,-,e are carefully selected and the
proportion of the c=nt to the total aggregates increased 1 part
of cement to not more than a I
- �Rrt Of aggregate, fine and coarse.
The unit stress on the vertical roinforcement in such columns
shall not exceed 12 tinnes, the unit stress on the concrete.
Bending stresses in coliLriirs due, to eccentric lo --ds shall be
provided for by increasing the section of concrete or steel
0
so that the tote! unit stress shall not exceed the allowable
Working stress in fley-kire.
Suitable steel base -olates or casti-n-s Shall be -provided at the
bottom of columns to Ckistribiit-� the loads over the footings and
the vertical reinforcement bars shall bear souarely on these Plate's
or the reinforcinL; bar,,,, shall be carried down into an enlarged
footing to distribute the loa, thru bond stresses.
�<r_tcrior and interior bearing and non-bearing v,!all-- of reinforced
concrete shall be securely anchored to all initersectins, wall --
c o lunans and floors and the alloim9ble stress shall not exceed 2-1-D0
pounds per square inch. Tha thickness shall not be less than 2/3
that specified for brick walls and in no case less than 8 inches. JLlj
2-n'ch walls shall be reinforced t�rith steel running both horizontally
and vertically. The ariotuat of reinforcement- shall not be less than
1//5, of 1 per cent of the cross section of -the wall and shall be
equally disposed near each face of the wall, except that in walls
6 inches or -,oartitions 8 inches or less in thickness the reinforce -
'11,L
may ay be placed in the middle. R e in f orCeM(_ U shall --act be spaced
U
more than 18 inches a -cart.
Girderless floors or flat slabs consisting of reinforced con-
crete slabs restingupon columns with flaring heads, with or i,�jith-
40.
Section 55 Cont.
out drop heads or, column caps;- and in which:• no beams or, girders
are used except around openings in the .floor .or along walls,
shallbe designed in accordance with the bending. moment co-
efficient and stresses specified•in this code.
The column capital shall have a diameter or least side at the
top in no'case less than 0.2252 whore L is the length of side of
the square equivalent Go . the area of the rectangle included be-'
tween 2 adjacent columns. The thickness, o -f the. column capital 'at
thisdiameter shall note be 'less than 11, inches, the, slope o,f- the
column capital shall nowhere exceed 45'.degre.es with' the vertical.
A depressed head or drop may be cast above the column capital and
the dimensions of this cap shall not be less than 0.4 of the
side of the equivalent panel.
The �,Oint of inflection. shall be assumed 1._ 6 the square foot. of
3L from the center of the dol ui ua,
The width• of bands shall be such as to properly cover the panel
area, but shall not be lriider than '0.4 of the side of the panel -
Where steel is provided in 2 'directions only, the central pox tion
of the panel shall be considered as a slab supported on 4 sides.
Punching shear shall be calculated ' at the: edge of the column
shaft and shall not exceed. 120 hounds per square inch.
Working stresses and co-efficients shall in general comply with
requirements.. In ,cta.ngular panels, the long dimension shall k
not be more than _-Ji' e`_ -'short dimension..
All reinforcement shall be' free from excessive -heat, rust, scale
grease paint 'or any other :coating v!hich would tend to reduce or
destroy the bond betl,reen the steel and the concrete—Bars shall
also be free from injurious- mill defects.
.Lill reinforcement' shall be. accurately located and mechanically
secured_ against displ.,#cement during the.'placing of the concrete.
Reinforcement bars for slabs- shall not be spaced farther apart
than 2�- times the thickness of. the slab. The spacing of 1parallel
•.bars in beams shall not be rnor e than" 3 "diameters from center 'to
center nor less than 1 inch. The clear sciacing between 2 layers
shall not be less ; than 'l inch. i
In restraning: or cantilever
construction reinforcement shall extend beyond the supports into
adjacent construction ir✓here practicable. Special reinforcement
shall be provided tto resist concentrated loads. .-11 reinforcement
shall be.assembled dell in advance of placing the concrete and shall
be ins)
�ec.ted and approved by the Building Inspector before concrete
i- deposited.
Steel reinforcement. shall have a minimum protection of concrete on
all sides' as follows: In columns and girders, 2 inches; in. b.e-ms
and walls, 1?_ ir_ches and in floor slabs 1 inch, The, steel ,in footings
for walls `and columns shall have a minimum protection of" : i aches
in concrete.
Lap
.i's of,bars shall be of sufficient length to develop t e
required stress in, the joint without exceeding the permitted 'bznd�
stresses. Splices a,t. poii-its of' maximum s ; esi, $hal a ded
where possible. In column�jl�bars avIng 9,rea,, In e cess .oz- 1�
square inches shall be cut squarely and 'set end on end and connected
with a close" fitting pipe sleeve..
The separate ingredients_ of concrete shall be accurately measured
and. thoroly mixed, in manner- to- produce a -homogeneous mass - of
uniform color -and of such .viscous consistency that it ZT✓ill flog✓ to
all parts of the -forms 'without separation of the coarse aggr..egate
5 0,.
ectian 55 C.
from mortar.
u - - U �.;i 1t1ti11;; L!27C C- ri. Or;� 0 �-fhC1l t}_0' 0ond -f -,-,n
J L ��
of the C:Ork L_a'_, e hand. .r.--rin.g i)rcfor C:ble,-i".I-n eha11 be d0 e i_n
m,-,chcan ic31 batch 2,i<:ar -_`'_,o n 7th.J ch a ccs Ante r) ',ch shell 'Do clic-
char-cd boforc E_nother is received. J;1 Shall be
my:,ed to`ethar for at le"ct 1 r.,ii rade t o tie^ `jr' e c
r^.i. ��� � at 1 o.4.t
20 r �'0l1 i-.)_o21�` Tho -_-pee f h x �` �� not C.
��1
c1 a t__e mixer i_0 ex , ..,0
`i,_O�S ;]E Y• ?7�i_nU t _n c^_11 C� "'S t:_i� T.^_].I].Y1t� 11011 f�? cOfltlt111r'C�
ui1til �he cor.sistenc� iD. coiista_nt.
Joncrc,-o shall be dOID0 •i ted and thoroly 1 corked to -,-)lace before
initi-.l set be im, and then shy 11 be 1>e ot free from oars and
J i uturb` 220eS 0. :very kind ' Until it has fully llc r aen{,d e-
ta- pi- of concrete a, tel, its ini ti, al s,et shall be -orohi�-itecl.
lil-n. :'OrIC iu E'u2jr) cndeC., a11. (10 caC�-<arJ r0overS for n i n fut-5-e
rk sn_?11 13e mf -6e eforc the c0ncrete sets
Before depositing new concrete upon. cozicrete already set, the
contact surfc.ces shall be ?"OUgI�e=7ed�clea_�nd of all loose n-iat,cri_r,l
and th-,n t'-orol;,' drenched with 3,FO.ter. .
:hon concrete is expoeeC. to ra-, id dryin- co.-Iditior.S, _o—c-Otion ,
shcll be to .keen it t,�ois u for a period of at least 7 days.
'1'_"Oroly'5ettin� t1,,,ice day is _,''':c
O:P�no�_d'd.
1,o concrete Clh?`.11 be vc''.ror:,,1t d in fzeezi-air weather and --I! concrete
frozen_ after being deposited shall be lenioved.
Constr,. ction joints shall be avoided .,jheroeverd:rc,ctirf�'ole,
but hen they ere they shall be locates: at suclh secti_3_1-_s
as rill least affect tiro structural stre_-�th ar_ . shall be made
,at riE'ht angles to the direction of the principle compressive
stress, Joints shall be made :�`it.hin the �-iiddle third of the saar
in floor SYS`Uer:,s. In colmE s, joints shall only be permitted at
the bottom face of the l.o,vest con:jec't,inr, rnembe'',s.
irder,�, beams an(",, sla.bS shall not be cast upon -freshly formed
colur^?1s tL2til a period of from c to 6 ho -,_roc have elapsed 'to permit
:.ettler�ent. - y
`Orms shall be zufJsta- ti Cil and -nn;rield ing :end care shall be used
- Ci "
to make them as -nearly r-7atertight as pr^.ctica,ble.
Care shall be tc'-e_n to in are t ---t all ddbris is, removed fMar.�
forms and th`t they are u-,-o_oly-,_raaSed Or "'et befo: e con-cr eto is
en
-c,am, forms shall be so designed that at least o.20 sid0 r+ra,y be
"moved ;rithout c,istuz,,Ant; the bottom section 'of 1-1he form and its
u-n-norts; and col -L= sup -Do -,t, forDs so that they may be removed
without C.isturbing beLrm and slab forms. C;lo3_n al,t holes should
be provided in the bottoT_7 of coli,rnn forms where necessary to insure
removs.l o debris.
orms far concrete shall be removed i_7 no
fixed in t1xe fol lo-.-iing c co dole .
Bottom of slabs, spar, 6 feet, 4 C.!�,ys,
^dditional foot of spar. :Bo.ttom of beams
length' 19.- relays. reams of span of �90 feet
sides of lintels, yli_derE, beams, columns
c: -?se in less time than
one day extra for each
and girders of ordin2r,,
and over, 21 to 28 days
`nd 'thin walls 3 to 7 days,
'DEC't'ION 56.
I , I - FI,06H 6Y:DTi,i16 ,�P'?",OVED O T IYE" IGH.
a- Seger,lental concrete arches or flat slobs shall be
a-o-oroved for fire proofing if designed and constructed in
accordance with the reruirer�ents, in so far as, they are
avplicable; but the ,permissible stresF�es for cinder
concrete shall 'be tai_en as s;�ecified.
b- The span of concrete orches or slabs for fire proofing
sh,-ll be taken as the distance centei:- to center of the support --
in beaus and shall not es Geed 8 feet unless the coarze
LSgregate in the concrete be either stone or gravel.
c- The mimimurn thickness of arches or slabs of cinder
concrete for floor and roof construction sh`]_l be 3'= inches and
in no case less tha.il 1/6 of the sail leilgth beti,�eeii supprrtiilg
beams°
d- .egi,iental arches she,11 have a rise of not less Man
inch per foot of span, and steel tie rods of proper size,
upaciiig anC. loca-ion to resist the thrust shell be used. `.,''ie
roots shell be protected as required.
e- in flat orches, if tie rods are omitted the reinforce-
ment shall 'be continuous or the ends of the bars shall be
hooked over the beams or otherl,,ise securely fa;:tened to tner_I
t inte3�vv_ls not e_cceedin ; 3 feet.
f- Concrete for fill shall consist of 1 part cement to not
more than 10 parts of aggregates. -11 concrete fill -hall
be thorol;y wet well mixed and tamped to place and brought to
a level at the height required.
g- Fireproof construction and protective devices to qualify
for use .under test sh'all meet the r e quiz e3i eLlis of the spe ci ifi ca-
tions fox fire tests prescribed in the . current issue of i,a tioiial
i3uilaing !.,`ode issued by the Fational hoard of -''ire Lnd.ern,iriteY's
h- Zany system of fireproof floor construction intended for
use between steel beans which is not susceptible of analysis
and cor,iputa.tioi `iccor_,ing to the rules of des'it;n may receive
approval for use for spans not exceeding 8 feet o_1 the basis
of an ultimpte load. test i --,-L aecor6-ance with the specifications
laid cioT.'nl in the current issue of the I;a.tional 3lzilc.i Ig k,ode.
"-� C'T10111 57.
I •,i 1����i_OLti
Ilei1 a constLuc-tion engineer, COi1tr G Ui' or builuer .F0"l:f-OoBes
ne T,ethou� 01". princi_iJleu in codlloinine; concrete steel or other
s tructi3ZL'1 materials, or the introd'.uction of new. materials Trot
provided for in this: code; or designs a coliatructioii ii, which
±6he -tresses; gaze in deter,liinate he sh.,_I 1 furnish fo ' r ecorG with
the In�'jpector, pl�'iiu an Ci -specific tions: `ivin?,
in detail the con6truction and cLlculaticil.s useri izi his ue:si_��
ano s h:311 also submit iuch construction to the Lest zec•ui.red by
ane Ieiierol i3uil6ing Ins'!�ecLOi', oz fu2n ah satisliacuo:C'�/ evduence
that such tests have been Made L, -,,)on that partioulax' system or
mi a. iter is 1.
IOZCTIOii 58.
- i c�1112 IS "1I
1L' �.
2, - `hQ, the General �uilci iilg inspector has doubt as to
52.
P_
6LIVIIL 4- t
the quality of materia.ls or ti;ior]ananship in do building he bray
require the oirtler or builder at his ovm expense to make such
tests as will establish the ' 2afety 01'the construction before
certificate of occupancy is issued.
b- All tests shall ue under th-e direction of the 0eneral
Building Inspector and shall shotir that the collstructioll will
�_,1ely .sustain a load equal to thrice the load for which it
was designed, for a period of 24 hours ,*.rithout injury or
permement deformation.
c- The loud shl.11 conNist of such materials and Shall
be so loaded as to o -Ire u uniformly dist-ributed load over the
or!tire area, to be tested. complete 2ecor6 of the IOLO.s and
deforma.ti.on, shall be kept by the 3uilc.ing InSpector-
d - t least 60 rl,,-ys shell have a10 -0s --d sfter removal of
zo�rms from coilcr ere Ilor�rillg befog e a. test 1oE:c, is a �?li.eda =
e- It the portion t(' ted should -Lail to meet the requirements
of t.tzis test, the renes _1 �r!ilding Irispector,,a.��orove the �iructure
fo-' sue within the critical load determined b- the yle liece.j�,-a.:es
testa on - ifferelat ,-)ortiorls LI -Id. in <-ccor Cance with the require-
ments. Ho:ever, it s1!a11 be specifically understood that no
L_ G �� 1011 ��'..
h ll De acce?ted by the ';e�leral
tiliiCtl_11g liis,��G.tOr if 1T1 his Opi1110i1 it iS sl ficiently defective
to be unsafe for the 1ourpose intended.
buildin6 materinl shall be of q a.lity to meet the
recuiremeiat of this code and the test specifications from
tine to time promulgated by the .3uild.ing In oector .
,- 11,11 field tests shall be conducted -tui&er the 2u Orvi 3 oil
or direction of the General 31)ilciilig Ing lector. Laboratory
tests shall. be ma6e by t se Lnderwriters Dnbatories Inc. the
ti. �.�Bureau of ,;t�dard�j or at same testing labortory of rec--
og..ized stzanding by a reputable competent and disillte'�ested
ext)ert acceptable to 1;1-,e Cener��.l _ uilding Ir1slector. The test
shall. be at the c pensa of the owner or builder. she test
certificate shell state the sour
the test speciLlail�s, the
method of test_Ana tine results obtained: Original signed
copie,' of the certificate' shall be furnished the general
Luilding Ins-nector and shall be kept on file in his office for
inspection.
h- The 'eneral tlillC:'119 Inspector may at his discretion accept
certified reports of tests made by responsible pe -'s -,o !s, provided
th t such ^eports sheds tr;o t the material, appliance or method
oa= constructions have met the test requirements of this Code.
i- Mate -rials, a-p-,pliances, or methods of construction l,,�rhich
ha-ve been tested and approved shall be uveI and installed in
the game mariner in krhich they were tested for approv4l.
j,, �+da'itional tests shell be made roa time to tinge at the
cliscretion of the General Duildillg Inspector.
k- All brick, used in buildings, el.cept triose stied for fire -
stopping shall be sound, hard burned or other 1-ppsoved brick
of rearula.r sliape. iDecona hand brich shall be thoroly cleaned
before being used. Tdo t more thLj1i 15 per cent shall be bats or
6almon brick.
1-- Brick tested for approval shall develop a n average
strength of 5,000 bounds per square inch, and no 'Sample shall
fall below 2,000 - p ouna s pet' square inch.
m- -Bricks shall be tested fla.trise (half bricks permitted)
and the average shall be t l.en on at- least 5 sa,nrpl.es. The
average -'110 able absorption shall not e_--�_-ceecl 15 per cent.
53
1
rl- b_ -rid used for builuiri�- consti'uction Shill_ be sh_,2p,
coL r se anCi silicious
o- alahec; lime (line -,-)catty) chill be mace vii th -:,cell
bur e.cl c. uicl: line, free from �?shes, clinker -l-, L-,`6 other foreign
materials.
p- i _y C1 i% _._..te6 lune BI -ILII tl Gee ts1e Linel GiV1deC+. �rOC1uc�
rest-'m
l -iii froInech,�_niclally el I�i,.?� the -,-) re c,uich lime �.t t}ie
place of manu%_ctu.re.
c+- Lime - ill �e I Io c e o f I �` r t o f volume o f slai�eC: lime
or urs hydra_teci lime a d. not l::oro than L p_.rts of voIuTfi(,, of
dry �_Ii d.
r-- 2ortlaiw coma--nt, aliC: l,atural ceI'leilt sh;,.11 ltleet the
reg ",`ecii.`Te r e cI i:1r'eme!1t;: o:i the cul'_ell a "1-e,t „,`eciticc1ioil S
of the
fo_" those cel? ; : tS .
1'0 c.3keCi or lumpy cement shall -be useCa .
s- Cement mortar sriall be inane of cement unci sand in the
pro-nortion-' of one �,-rt of cement ant, noi, mol -e than rt:; of
sGr1C, r)Y vc1-m-ne.
I
t-- Ill mortar for chimneys and flues not more than 10 per
cent of Ii1ae li_'."Uer I:1 .'y be aClCiOU, anO in mort�i: for other purposeti�
not more tri ll 15 -oer cent of the cement by vol -cue ma.y be re':,laced
by an eoual volul:le of dry hyd� .teti Iii_e. the 1i.ne and ce::lent shall
b_' thoroly mi.ceu beiore the a6O..ition o --L' t"Icte- aria the raortar
ue useci im ieci]_U rely after via ter is added .
u-Oement-Lime _.-ortiar Shall be IlLOe of one pert ce-melit, oile
O�,rt sla.l_eC li..!e Or Ct'r'y 13C6rateG lime, arld not L`:0.'e th,-in three
mar is of U,n! to eac' . .._11 a'e- ials shall be me^sured.
v -lam r o to.r o�,)l0Sue�i�m"+Dosed of one C<<^t rets �ced U��0s"um
anu 110t more tlian thi.'ec p a.r tS !x(1Uh 0111(l.lil : L`1C_te1"1C?l: irihen
11eces_- ry
,, C,,,,IOIT 59.
, L' i
7,_ _r; d ill 01~ �__iT i ' x.)00_) .
a,-- i;very bui16 ir; L,; exce uvieI iilE_cj , _ iil e v ey s for y in
e<_.c;h uuilcci;., ; aJove tiie fii st, shill have cat leL-.t two means of
edi t r eiilo to f, oral each o Cher . _',io meuii,j of exit r e!+lote
enc}1 other shell be :Dr'ovidea for each s=tory of uwellin�:s 1-Ihen
over 2 stories, in hei,}lt.
b- ''ha aggre,:ate rritit}1 of exit door,.; shall be ectu«1 to the
required width of corridor or stairway D'erved by sai,le. s2iVer;y
doorw,s,_; shall be at least 28 i.ilches wide in the cleL.r. . _'.11
pas;.dgeway exit door; shpall swinb in the airectiou of exit travel.
,i11 exit c,00rr, lea.uinE_' from rooms having occupancy of more than
15 -per--ons wh .11 open in the 6i_:,ection of the exit travel, ei�ce-pt
in schools where fire drills are o2g2 izied under control of the
Ve•J.Cil�'!. ti..
c- The o"oeninE, of one uoor shall not be eermitted to ob-
struct the Ot}1er', nor t0 reCtUCe tine "iJ Gtli Of the pa.SS� ,'P,1' ay' to
less than the reouired i-ridth of the stairs.
d-- Every room having an occupancy of more -than 75 ";persons
shall have at le -.,,3t two uoorwa.ys remote .from each other le�?din�
to exits.
e- Halli:-ay-s or corridors at the street or court level fur.,
niShi:cE e7, -it from the stairtrl._ys, shell not be less in t'!ic.th th.n the
a€r re�,ste wiuth of the recuired stair' -,rays which t}le�/ serve. .:very
hal7_k°ray or co_,. -icor wkich may serve as an exit .nor 50 or more
54.
perso11U, chill have ;it least 417 incites of viicith for: the first
50 persons and e inches additional for each 50 persons to be
accomod-.tod Cher by. 'his comoutetio-ri shall be based on "the
nui:]uer o-oer6on�3 in ti]e story hz."vin,' the largest occup2ncy
;,served by said cors icor .
_` tall tir.les wheil any loft or spac;eA ccupied for menu- �.
lecturing or mercantile purposes, the fastenings or lochs Shallf��
be ucbe eih � o-v)ened fr0L1 the insic:e I:rithout the
u � e of ke y5 .
In every building, above specified accomoaating more than
50 _Qersons a clearly -painted sign mar'red "e' -:it"' in letter.3 not
less than 4 inches in freight shall be_placed over all e_ --its, and
the elevators shall be -)rovided r-iiti! similar �. iSns merked "levato"' .
,.)ucll ,"igns shall be i11'uminatled by a. preen light.
r- L'ileva-bora, revolving uoors, and the life shell not be
considered,. ill calculating exit reauire1,hents.
i- Lnt" ince: and doors in tenement houses, theatres, motion
picture shows, and solaces of pi,bli.c or .)rivate L:musernent or en--
tert`,.imnent shall be as el;✓ez,,/here provided in this code.
--,E01'10IT 60.
baildins which =ire used above the fir;,t floor ='or
rrianufacturi g or bu„iness -(purposes or -,DubIic a-_sernblu_ge, or
for ally 2urpotie lrhateve1, i.% over 3 stories' high e:.-ce-pt armories,
courthouses, U-wielliilgv, fire houses, jails, museums, police
stations, ,?rifjonr-j, air � r_,il,'-,, y stat: ons, �h«7.1 'nave the rec! ircd
stair Shafts selJara"telt' ant!" continuoLlsly enclosed as sgecizied.
b- it .�t`L1r�'J "�;s, pl�'.tiorr_is, landings, balconies :and sti_;.ii'
ha,llul"ys sh,-_�.11 be of sufficient strength to ,�ust'_in safely a live
o riot less than 100 pounds per squat -e :foot Fur interior
0011 'true tion, .frith a. fact -or of safety of zi .in each case. The
S ]ace Delle,a'h (u1 J ;a"t lr`1_.tiJ guilt iii I'!hole Or in part of com-
bustible materiel shall be left- enti_.°elf% o,el�, Or ue co.n,�leLI
/ enclosed i�,ithou'- -roof or other opening.
c- ;?t: i_:Ir:.ys u d a:U re(,uired �,ie_l!;^el,it �_�hall be 'at le"ot �C
44 7iine be 6vieen "the i&.ce-, of '.r -.,11a o-,, 4.0 inches uetl'.reerl
the pace of the wall <allii ali open b,,.?lusD url:c e, or b:;tr-eels the b. -lo
ba.lu ;'tr--de, _11 si;_c11a .ti r
i. i,. �it....11 be clear o� a.11 orJ;; c_ �,c�cio_1s
eeef- h rid? -".ifs. _11. U" siiQl7_ h:__ve / L11.s or well secured
lJ�.lu�ti'=Cte,' on IJOth wiC<e". C'6-2 �' 01 1.101L'e to :i1 7 feet 111
r'iCi'11 ;Jha,11 be Drovic-ied with calGalluou_- h,�ndi-_il (ubst=3.ntiaily
s u;') -iJ o r t e u.
d- __11 :Ahall have trea.a U a11d _• i ser s of h11i form
width ani ! hei`;ht tT.i•uout each 'liE;ht; the rlE.e shall 1LOt oe r,101'e
than '7L lrlotic ,, and the 16reL'G. e<_cl.0 live 07_ th0 honing' :lot less , than
9 inches. t::.i.r�v�L�=s el ceec�.inE 1 feet i1i her;- 1 U shell n .va an
irlteriiledi _'e 1-ndin _t lea,:' 0 feet in len-th.
e- Ifo L'rz=A:-,e.,lent of tre`,61- ICilo'cTn as lvlilderS shell be per--
mitted in required stairv,ays i3etiJeen the level of t.tLe top :floor
and t11e street, e11;0 ,t in ()_ ivate or otlhol: SpeCi_:'.l build.ihl�s
where the _ air ! a rcaaLpar]ont i.. approved by L,. -Ie -Du'Liain; InspectGr.
f- ;4henever tle tread orlailctlil`S are of ;date, marble,
,,'tone or corhposition, they shall be-u-p`Jorted for -'Gheir entire
length and "�iidth by a solid :net. l plate at least one ei,;hth inch
thick, ti,ecu,'ely fl - stetted, cuL1cI su-p�oorted. thei', entire lcilgth
��rld ".liu G.tl - u�y rna :�ona•;y .
55.
f� 4 . tr
ilii 1. 1'I V1.4 60 C01)' t .
g- ..i11 St,";.iri,,Tays that serve as r eruized means of evit
for one or mo_,- - the uy�per �1 stories o i every D ildin ;' shall Cn"
be co_itinued their 1u111 width to tile z'ooi, lza shall le�At by
Q direct line of travel to the -i'i2st story.
h-- :jtairwLa/s le= c ink t.; basement or other floor below the
stl'et
grade shall be enclosed a3 b-oecified :mild have a doo:.'
at the to1p coils_icuously mel ked "To -casement" aiad so located.
c.nG cut of -L-' as to -.prevent tr opiilg in file b : eT ent of neopie
},rho are t1'Yin , to escape to tie street.
i- enclosed used , or lig ble to be usedi by
r:Lol'e, th.cm 25 �)ersons a.ild iii a_11 builuin - s LCL, ed L� hotels,
,
loCi�;ing places, 1:00m .711 ho -u ;es, and like with more
tha11 15 )lee_,irl , rooms shall ue proviaac with _.n a.decuate
s=ystef:i of liL-hting _,--,_rid ,such shall oe kept ligh-ced
:L'_'Or 7 to 6 a. M. Of ecoh a wy.
a- i'hC teltl '=>lock' as used in this section shall :Head
o_lil;, sha._)e block, oriel_ or file which forms a hollo�-,r or cellula.r
r,<<:11.
o- ='e:ra cotta, for bearing; �,ra..11 shall be dense .nd hard.
burned Or vit-reous. -2ortIG.n. : cOmen t Oiily shLll be used ill the
MLnU:LuC pure o: the concrete )lock:) aia.' the co '.r e Cal :Z're to
u'%1211 be O:L %ult£]ble ]Illtcx'i.'1 gl". CIeC! ill Site out 111 -,-Io c''.SO
the .iaY-_ii_lum Qii-,Ienuion eeC. One - hr:,lf of Lhe :'ricth of the
i ;Ximum soc"LiOil 01 -t::e iiiliehe clock.
c- __11 block, used for ber:rin, call. shZ�_11 be
L4r1 3U Or brz.i:_ic ed for identiZicL tion cnQ sack 1"' or Oi'ai is
shall be reListred i+ith the -eneral iilepector . Io
rnal.e of olocks s:r.;_'ll be used iii any strnCtu_'-, "rmti.l the re-
c;'uiDite n_M—uer• 01' ai .,les have - a31 ;=uecessfully mac+e the
Fest recL ire.:ients o"i tlri;; s-ection :inC iia.ve been �j•pprovecl eX
by the CenerE,l iJui_1din; Inspector.
U- '1e tS .,h-.11 je L1,=!c!e tO the ?O_'i_ilic 4)tx'eBue:'
or �, overr, the use of blocks oL ecch lar ticul.'i:' 1.!ark or bl:,nci.
�� Eeries of 10 full sized] bloc-ILs shall be selected by the
(_eneya_1 _>>= i 1G1i1 in:. octor i''Or1 averE:ge C'L1alitJ ;stock, either
at the is-ctory or .From stoc _ delivered i'or uU"e "t a build ink
.ndsha,11 be 16este3 t'or compress ioii.
e - MA eoiierete block,„ E -hall iso not le Uc ti1�n ",,o Ct old
:hen tested. X16. shall not be less. than 218 clays ole, before pei:1p-
use3 for any uuild:in .
f- Tne com-pressive Strength of buil_uinL "blocks sh_''ll in
all dose;; be c".loulated u--,)oll the gross sectional area of the
bedding:, faces including the cellular spaces. .11 blocks sub-
Tnitteid to test shall be properly bedded ;'1 :i c.i1t c. c.i.:ze an
even bearing.
g-- The average ultimate compressive ;strength for terra
cotta blocko do2igi-ie3 to be normally laid with the vic-11s, vertical
and :7hich are tested ritl the cells in this ,position, shall be
not less than 1200-;1oi)mOs per snu`,re inch.
h- '.i'he a.11m-iable viorkin,`-t)i,e,.-s on ,uch blocks :hall not
e -.-=deed 120 -pounds per Square iiiciie
56.
Se.ct:on 61. Cont.
i- The aver ce co-,.presc ive Strength Of terra Cotta block --
which are do�,i -ned to be normally laic: with the cells vertical
but are tested ir-ith the cells horizontal, shall 'b'e not less
than 300 -0ounds �7er square inch. The _-lloi?rab1.g worki _ 0- --tress
on such blooks ivllen Laid vjith the cells horizontal, shalt not
exceed 30 pounds per sq,, are inch:
J- the a�%era�o ultimateresSive strength dor terra
cotta blocks deli and to be normally laid with cells `
hor-
izon" -al end which are tested i,ith the cells in t'his 1- � —0r -
sac ll not be loss than 800 povids -per squa_-e inch.
k-- rp,-e allo?cable workinL stress on such blocks shall not
exceed 80 pounds _:or square inch.
1- The average C011yreSSion Etre l�;th for concrete blocks
i!hen tested -uitli the cells vertical, shall not be le, --_.,s, th�__,l
800p0nncts per ticnlarc i 1Ch and irrhCll tested t?ith the cells
horizontal shall not be leSQ th2.?1 300 rJo-LndS pc'' -r SCu:?2'e in011
ii -h no block i__ 1 than 200 pounds per 3,av_-.I'e inch,
if tested with the cells horizontal. the all0ciable .uorkin
stress for such blocks shall not exceed 80 pound anc. 30
pounds -oer square inch res-c3ecti��ely.
r1_ TTOIlo?ri buildinV' blocks ray be filled solidly -lith
ertla.nd cement concrete or cement mortar to incrc.w 1 the
stL�bility and to aid in distributing the lo,.d •b -at the
allowable workin, stre . ' on such blocks, sh,2_11 not be ire :ter
then thet 77e:rmitted for unfilled blocks.
n- The abs0ri t`Lon _cor buil.ciinI-,- block t;>ed Jr'.r beari::�
or 17anoi ?'/x,11_,_,, Cieter,?Jned by talrl_ rr the nverage tsNt of
three blocks, Shall not exceed 10170'!' ce'lt i.n 48 ho-Li'S,
^.nd sr.all not emceed 15 per cent int :Dmy c^.so.
0- Holloi-4 buildin.- blocks Eha.11 -got be used i -n fireproof
builciln; ;n til the, / h ve uccecsfullj/ -:,i ths tood a 2 hour
fire test as, S7)eci-tiedo_ ,, -,partitions,.
p' of Piece bl oak hall. b LeiiteL! in set to
_0C'T1 JL,e tWo 7'�.CO' of -tl�c' v.,all. The StrOl`th re : irel;lent
shell be the as for r_ollw,-! blocky, U1ld. it shall be
calcJlated-ar)o21 the wall arg. vf'hich irloLld
, c fc:cmoc, b,i the 2 bloclrs u:16 the space bet ';^,_i thea:).
` oot,ion 62.
1 n L -p e '-c^ c n 'aced
a1
`�'' !.`.'.i'.,. _�. VO t,ta i'1.00_' 4ile 1"`tr 1_ L ,7 t. �. 011 ,f):16 �,..__d. .I uC. � Z V1
cement shall?'i ve anlve Str 1 :viii, U of
not lesF" thail `','4700 70 -um C F 17er sr i)ar e 1nCf OS net ^-r 0
vOr as';e tret_`'t : G. _ CO?il;[1t1teC1 fro -m the ? -;SLlt^ O tF St
?vl':r.. e 'Acces.
b_ __11 COnc St1 l :C 11.='_ G, L�e ;oSi`e�a c l_' o LC'C UCC! :1
r eoli-i e, :"or Concrete.
c-- {_11 �Oi _ ��.nC.i G 1�tf',i ill._ 21111 be, I.,U_7.l t i7l1:i!1I'J and '.;n
L_ _. lt, S -f J.
line"," 1.1`1 �. sv_b t`'': �.�a�l :'!:�.i1
:10:i , i":C uta �Oi _S i7, .' ]. C' 1t1 _ � :'_�� tl.��_.l,
0 e ceT!ent '='1-c slylyL rC.
1!Y: '_^1 — c"�y)o�d 40111 uUtl. t1� C1
1C 't ilt' t'- 11. tof c t'-_ t 1:,a be 71_.ac?i'. 1170'_''. t`'` Our; ---
07
r;
7
f s C`
Section 63.
TiZUC, '�'L,IIER, T .
.�ll timbers and wooden beam;- used in buildi_�i shall be of
,00d sound materiel, free f?'02:R rot, la -r -e `nfa loose l:nOts,
�:lla Los, orany irnpe-'fection T,,,hereby the strongth -_a-,7 be seriously
impaired.
b-. _ 11 ,,'s'r ought and ' c wst structural steel a:nd iron shall conform to
the test r oquircme.zt;, of the Current Standard specifica.tions of the
^r -; r s tino T.`a, t
,ne_- ica_n 2ec_e c for Testing
c- ivet steel shall have an ultimate strength of 4.6,000 to 56,000
po-Lugds per square inch.
d- _'_ll. other structural steel sh,911. have an ultimate strength of
55,000 to 65,000 pou-nd., ber square inch.
e- I o second hand rolled steel shapes shall be used in any
structure without the written a Dproval of the General_ wilding
Ins-pe-cj;or.
f- `Teel. castings- shall oe made from open 'hearth steel or s,o-ft or
medium grade and shall be practically free from blow -holes, Tuith
a reasonably clear skin and sh^rpness to -,Oattern and s�_,e.l_l shoo
an ultimate tensilestrength of 60,000 to 70,000 pounds per s•qua>.re
inch.
CaSt iron shall be . of good foundry mixture, prod -acing a clean
toa. h grt?y iror. Castings shall be free from serious blow holes,
cinder spots and cold shuts. `i'ronsver se tests cin cast iron shall
be rade a -non the lz inch diameter' LL-r.br1.tration Tsar' of the !Inlerica�n
uoci ety for testing, materials. The bar shall. be sppo-^ted on 12 inch
centers, loaded at the middle and in no case shall it test less
than 29,000 pounds. Tensile tests a.O.tior_al.
Section 64.
The -!eights of m=ate -rials shall. be assumed as follows:
Kind of Lla serial
Pounds per Cu. foot.
Brickwork -ordinary--------------------------- 120
Pr essed---------------------------_-130
Conor ete-- cinder --vuell tamped -Y--------------_--108
Concrete--cinder-not tamped------------------ 60
Concrete -stone or grave ---------------------144
blue'stone and Llarble--------------- 170
Li-mestone-------------------------------- - -160
Sandston. e ---------------------- -------------- 145
Oak----------------------------------------- 50
Thito Pine------------------------------- . 27
Yellow Pine Grade 1--�------------------------- 42
Yel.loi-r fine Grade 2------------------------- 35
Spruce and Hemlock -------------------------- >O
aple---------------------------------------- 4.3
i3irch---------------------------------------- 45
l'ouvlas :r'ir and Cypress -------------------------35
58.
_ection 65.
0 I 7 i j( fj -r T, _ f l7 "
TI -1 e recuired di_�orisior_s for each �)iece of ma terial_ a.nd of
eacr_ form of construc'.i on to be used in buildin`s shall be com-
putec� , according- to the rules prescribed in this Code, supplemented
by those that may be promulgated as herein provided._ for
o- :ihere the code furnishes neither a. unit r:•orking stress, nor a factor
a f safety for a mc:.teria.l_, the :'elation of e.11owaole working stress
to ultimate strength shall be determined by the CYenPral _61-1ilding
In Spec t 0 r .
c- the safe carryin.-z capacity of the various materials of can-
s truction when not otherwise s-oecif'iea, shall be determined by the
followino• working; stresses in pound„ per square inch of sectional
a -'ea'.
Steel and I_^on
Comore,ssion- in short blacks
3ollea steel
Cast :;feel
Cast I_^or_
teel1kT_iT1S, )h0p and �0�'+er
( -B•earll1g) -
P 0 116 s, '^ e 1:' S C; In. .
driven Field _civets
Leel Field Rivets h.921.6 driven (bearing)
„teel :.Meld Bolts � bearing)
1110Siion
.:'oiled steel
Cast ;feel
She, r
feel ':'deb Plates
N'teel shop =6 poi,?er driver_
rips
field unit; rivets
:steel field rivets hand driven
Oteel +field -Bolts
Cast steel
Cast I., an
y.treme 'Fibre Stress.
,_tolled Steel beams, riveted steel bea=ms
Rolled steel pins, rivets and bolts
C. -St Iron comj)ression side
Cast Iron, tension side
Concrete and rL.- sonry
roi-f-fir e ssl on
Grout,
Portla-nd Cement, neat
Grout, Partla--rid ceraen',, neat bet -vee --a steel and
foundation inch thick
0arac-,,ete> _20rl,l^.nd Ccr!lent 1:2
Concrete .Portland Cement
Concrete Fatural Cc_icnt 1:2:x_
Concr. ete. 'at>>ra1 1. V 5
rice-rork in 2ortlp-,ld (.'erlent 1. Or tar
Brickrro_� k in .'o -r. tland Cement =.nd Lime
Br ick,•;+ork in i`o.tlzral c.,eraent ;::or'Ll ar
3ri-ckG7O.r1r in .L,ime 1,iar tar -
Hollo:-T Tler_ Cotta. Blacks
.E_o11ovf Concrete Blocks
? -bble in 2ortla-rid. cement mortar
ubble stonciio1'1 in lime mortar
Cut stone mason_ y other than sandstone
S�-.nd ,tone r__ason-ry
Tranites accordi-n-, . to test
1711ea_: �
Limestones according to test
r.Larbles according to test
sandstones accordin: to test
slate
59.
1.6, 000
161000
16,000
20,000
161-300
l'-"000
16,000
16,000
10,000
10,000
0,000
7,000
9,000
1, 500
1,5,000
20,000
16,000
2,500
1000
1500
)00
400
125
60
250
206
203
111
100
70
600
300
1000 to 24.00
i 00
700 to 2300
600 to 1200
4:G'0 to 1600
1000
S G1r1O1i 66 Vo17it.
d- .-,heir
r:;hegriiln strosses involvin.c Ctis.gonal tensioyl in _'ortlana
cei,]ei> t coi.t cr e to . 1--c2':4 40
,i ect r•.3he.-.i2 (,?Un C;,] 4 �hE Isl P0rt1cil6 cGll]E.iat CCi1-
6r e j.e in the Ji 0 Urt1Ui1;3 o -C 1-t2:41 120
e= :_e io11o,,iinc; stresses, a0%)l-t t0 s e -coned tir:_oer "to ue
Icet)t and er shelter iii 3, 1dry I_oc:: ficin T16 de lec ti 02., not to 127!-
cre='Se with time,. Ii the tirouei.' is useci imC1er other, Conbitioi-is
tho,,;e stre,'ses 1I ay- be r:lo6iiieCt ll .lU.i r the Ctizection oi the in-
,�JectOr.
tr en]e�
0 1zL,bo
Yelloa ?ilie ": iIoado 1 1600
Yelloa rine "rade 2 121 u0
GLl 2 .i.''it 1Q'ijO
�aS Cern ;j JI! uee 1U�0
e" Leri1 Hemlock 1600
'isle 1000
.,enb in&
1, 2C)o -
ocn.
1/C
Yollow Pine '0?°�cie 1
1,400 -
',- ir:lur:1
�,�'
i e•rell�.ic�?11a
1100 _
2
to the ;;""' in
Ie'2.r
1irG0 --20
�`olcu.ms ride -'1 es
1/d
11.or17� :)-,lie-1000
than 10--
0--120
20 1_
_
12) 0
0400
1000
120
650
1;00
85
SCO
900
100
X00
1100
r?
200
900
75
2 b 0
1000
'? 5
2'bU
800
I e c u�'1,; Ul"sun.Doi•'u-,,-:,, d leia6,th ii -i inGi7cs
?,7ri�lc'%,o.ii2st YJlaoe-
I:1ei t or the loac, is ii0t oiJ jeG-�icl[ 1 le, the CUI":iJ.'C ]5100 i1C�. ?s-
trtel:le Li ace t,'e-Se;I- dere `'11Zie11 Ue il!Gi'e�2iJe6 10 Jcr cent.
i '3SECeu iUr ti,ae1';, ;LiJjeCt tis l'Zbt1Ui1 <_i1G. 1i]Tp.C$, ,i'_11 ilU Lj
be ti -atr
she sc;u.-_'e it cil log _.11 teol, c c
L• oil 012 v.700i- ell c01u ": ii -'Viii.,- :_31 J. -rot e>>ceeci the
v;,I-ce ' � iver_ b- the 1011o':,rir i01' t:l< ,
;3teel LoI-i- ms '��ci ink stret-Js.
eou._1. 10000
:rt':iC=i L"a1s 11o1! 01; c0'f,I C� sl oil i 1-Do11nU.s iter unl«,re k
i11Gi1.
least-ca(Lii.ZC: of
iLe 41io �1�,1e col:r�i'ession shc-11 ilot e1 Uee6 1,000 1Je_, square 1i1c11.
�i7tt the rat -i.0 o:L sienaerileu j, tihC ll not e� cee6 1.20 o_-ceot
- hat :Lor bracin-, n . for coL:;Jre;J ion.zeE3is in" 1'i71
-ties es only ,��]_.l1 not e ceed 1j0;
Oast iroii ColrzJnns, r:on', lLa ; stye, �J, 6 eq-nalw 9,000-4-0-K --I
'IL' , irnum 1 shall i-iot er cee�i 60. r
nolUrnl7, with 1/d eater t-han 10 bat not & eater than
C;s�S?a.�a.l:�-+-=-i�-L:""�_�.-�>.U.-ir"';1.Ss�+�-8ii'"'��.�--.:l,t'�11---ids-•
0-lU
1, 2C)o -
20 1:
1/C
Yollow Pine '0?°�cie 1
1,400 -
20
1�u
Yellot,r rine �'_ _.Oo 2 -afad 'spruce
1100 _
2
jd
ou le.s i'ir
1irG0 --20
1/d
11.or17� :)-,lie-1000
-
20 1_
l/d
60
Ix
Ix
fn -
a1: 0'121011 65 Lon' t .
o_ I;OU6ei1 00111-=12, -ilU com-:):,eDsioji meEibei s
sjiall noG e,,ceect uU GliC1813 the Of the lea:St side, 1,101'
the unit „tre:�,:es, F: G r1 t'iO Je tTi[reii lir the ta.Ule for'
l/d le- , th,-r1 10.
`l'Y'c s -t' uses for evei,J columla which i, eccent1'ica.11J 10-Ct•8`
be co_-auted. ,'he of the stZess erg Cue to the eccent1l'icity
dIued to - ll the other' strec_;_.es .;Mail 1,11 no ca e e ->Geed file
j.lOrlaily s ti �, se SIG:-.teC1 in 16 -hi-' code . "he eGOen t1'iG lUOFi 01 u
Coii:.i_in shL-II bo coi1s1Cie:ieT-1 t0 Ur' :=C:u_-ll-o over, elle
e_i ulze a.rel oh the colurlll ..t tae ne=_t -coin, below tj _ t -,t �,ihic:h
coluirm i, secur•cly brt,ced l�.Gei:all it the ciireG tioi o" tris
ecoef ti'icit-"'.
u.L1 C;1 1,' 66 .
a- 11 built i;iL s or �.�tr is of building_, � in vlhieh the height
is more than � time.> the ler�st hori_zohtcl d imension shall "Oe 61e-
-i( ned �i1C: 00'11' t,ructecl to re;�ist a lioriu0nt<: l L7ind. Or'es,: J_l e 117
Lny direction of 20 UOuYJds _f01' every ;�(!u4re foot'of exposed c'l:tr-
f,�:Ce. :jlnd. b20Gii1 e shall OJ? ovicied by L121_iiig the GOi-mection, I
�oixit1-1 betvv3ei1 `irder.: «1)d colUltno suliiciellt for the vortical 1
lofu,, as v!ell as the oonding, due to side pr'ossure_or
Dr�Gi"P_? shLll b_- olaceci bet:iecn coluim,.;, pzopor'tioned to tr,1.i_efelr
the shy .r o - the siCt e ,�r e, sura to tllc foo ti: -i; x:11 do tr i is
shc.11 1,)e tie, ig'iied to c.-,rr;, the stresses in file mein mem_uer s.
b- The overturning rnoi:lent clue to Wind, pressure shall not
e_ teed 50 per cent of tine moment of stabilit,j of the structure
unless the structi,re i;j securely 1.11cnor ed to the found tion.
I'he anchors shell be of sl-ificcrent strength to sz.fely cal'ry
the e1:ce,C;s ovor turnlDE, moinoii/' ,vitilout e<CGP,eCilrlt the allc),FT3ble
unit stroBse:: given in this e.oE e.
c- '.then "the st'ess Cilie to the '.IlY1Q in lml—Y membe1' or GOi717ec-
tion amounts' to less than 50 uer cent of the tot,;,l live and
dea.0 loads, it may ole neglectediherl the Ut_,ess C.ue to the
iTlind exceed_ 50 per Cant 0f the : treSN due to the co- biased live
,__no. cteacl loads, all these :-Gres'._,es si,all be a.r'.dec, to`ether and
the allowable unit stress for the total may be token «t 50 per
cent in e:rcess of the value-' st^.ted and in i?o case shall the'
section unless thal1 rerui.ced if v:ind force:: i:1ay be ire-lected.
d- In the desigyn of circular chimneys, the area subject,
t0 ':.`1f1C!-Jrec�sur e may be O.ss'uile(i Cis 60 -oez cent- o1 the Ciiamiete- a-1
.y, C `I G1,•,
67 .
I1101.1 CGLU10T)' :
.i'he out-:icte diameter or lea�,'t ide of c:_.st Troll colur_iils
>31iall oe not lecI-' til: it b inches nor small their unsupported length
e_1eeed 60 -dies their least radius of gyration.
b- L'he finished thichrless of me tl-1 in the sh`' f t !�,,hgll iia -t
be lees than 1-12 of the oi,tside uiai_neter or the B eate t laterL,.l
dimension of ci OsN-s.ectio7!, n02 les` th_'_n _ inch. 'i1e thicl..f1oss
o-1' rieta.l in fl_m;; es, lugs, seats anct ur- ekets aiha.11 not be less
thC'n orle inch.
c- In a.11 cast iron colummD not cast with one open side,
at least Z holes three eight,: incl) in uiaLleter sir o-11 be dr -11 -led
00 degree- apt -rt nealo the rni6dle of t_ -le shaft for the purpose
c1, riea.suring the thiclmes;s of metal.
(31.
u1.I v` 1'I ON 67 C on' t .
d- . ',lhenever the core of c...s t iron colLLmi ha_- hifted
T.iore th--i1 the thicl=e;3s o the ;3hell, the strerlE;th shall
be comwouteu s suming the tlli clLrle s of me ta,l all a,.rouild equal
to the thinnest part, and the colurrm shall be re jectn�. if this
col,iouta,tiol,. shows the strenE-th to ire less than re(iui.red.
e- , cast iron column :hall be re jected ihenever blo i -
holes or other ilrlper=°ections r eduCe the effecti-ve areas of the
ci'os:� section lnoi e tlia.n 10 ger cent.
f- the 0 u s of �l,ll c- -,t iron columns si.all be L)laned
to - true pea:-pendiculai' to the ^1 is oL "Uhe column. �llcceusive
column lencths ,shall be bolted top,etller tllrou 'il en,.--,,. flan;,es
171 th t Le=' t /l b01 t i10'� less 118.11 J_nC11Eu Iii U1a:.1EtE '
i,o sha,il uE used be-bvfecia -Ghe Ll,.nL_es.
g- IL -the coi'c of 00,;3t iron column uolow the joint is
larger than tiie core of the coluj= above, the core of the lov7ex
column shall be t:_.i)ered up :tor L,. nistailce of not less than b
Liches to the size of the coliunn above, or a steel or cast iron
plate of suf—i'icient thicl�less used betweentle flan es. �'iie
6.ifie e,ce be'Uveen the diameter,; or sides of aiay 2 successive
columns shall noJL, be greater then 2 inches.
h-- Lhe coir lection bet Teerl the beaus °lnc� CID__�iraorL to cast
iron columns sih`.11 ''be e'eCteU by meL.nS of OE:- t reinforced by
or" -chats of s-uff iclent ce?'u-Ii �-,nd tihlc'-legs to Su.j)_)oi't file e- tire
r� i1 �• il'_:.
to°�c�. a:.l:c% -b,,� 7_Ligs to ZThicil the rTebs oL the ��eu-,� a.nd �•irders s 11
JE bolted. he ?pro jectioll of the s'e_%'Ll beyoilc the Lace 02 t_le
column shall in C;omeral not be `re`iter than 4 iilchc.,'.
i- ._11 holes in cast iron columns sh7,ll be drilled,
Cored or cored aria reaiiied holes shall not be yperrii -tted. `she
lhi_,me uer of holes :�jlall riot e�ceeu that of the bolts b r more
tl:Ln 1-16 Lich. .she bistai;ce -L'rorh the center of hole to
-tIie eid1�-e of a f1: i1 ;n Or lt_ :.hell not ue.. less th2n Laches.
j- Oast iron -column,—' _-hall ilot be us'D6 in the ;structural
1.cr.lel[o3:k of builQiil.' ' thenei.f,h'c OT 7hlcil 1 I ;;'x'ea ucr than v
ti :lies their
i_ on colvrnii sn�-�ll 1io t .bE usco in a il,y c a s r 1.
t1le load 1: ; u)'L iclentuly ecceilti- is to iTeCil=ce t_ie ivaitj Como i'Es--,ioi'1
to !7C the in ti1E eI_tl'ei_le tb✓r OTl OilE J_(JE O she a:i iS 0f the
c o lunlsl .
C`iIOI iJ.
u C1J1..l 101, .
a-
(1) -'ast iron b.,se,- of shoe, sila.11 Ce 91LIi1eto-) X116
allose r'eE tii7�; oil �ee1 L -i 'Ciel r-ilrll be �_r hed top;i1C bOt�Or,l.
`L'f_,e thichne-1of metal shall ue r'o't lesi til a_1 1 illci_. elle iTl-
clinaJ tion of Mlle ul;_ter ect,es oi' the Fibs cjith the horizontal
sht.11 ue not lesr.. t11a.n 4±6 Cie,, 'e - .,izenever one ,;iae of the bed
plate exceeus b :feet ill len��lh leiil-�'orcin it ;nye �-.t lea.Ut
E
inches his-, .hill oe orovi<<ed.
(2) ii: oil lir�tcl, , l'1,1.l.l lie not le '' th ;n inch in
hicknes's .-.r_ra , Lil not b., u.,ec. =,o- u ,,�n s c�eclin;_ u feet.
b-
�l) -'o rollcu steel column sh,).11 coi.tin rri lterial i7he -ilEr
J_ J_ • J
in the bodyof -circ coluim2 o u, eu la � rice U l or c" U--
a.y --)lata
of leti.s Llhicr:ne::, thsn iiicn.
(N�) In steel cOILIT' l," u�tilt U') of a iveb rll,te tnc: anv'les and
62.
v _: L.fi L''11 :4 :i0rt_',C. le'ii3; th v_'e2. L(;_ t1;ai1 b Vi!:ics'. the 1eQ:," L
6iuc Of ";/r :,io-.,, trio thiole S of Isc tal in the <z_e: st' =-11
�c riot le::�-j th_m 1--1.' ti7e vii(tth of the out::tanCtIng
of ti,i;gIes.
0:" _. i 011ed r-tP, -ol C011mn Shall
1 ''' =:Ctil1(= 01 y='. ti 01'1, n 0 2 4r0 ti;I1es
not e�ceeet rU uii_1C� e-lle le".; t r
IeE,Q,I, 1_ t,GL _'1 Uir _e!ItA011-" 01: 1TE te!'.
�4) File e� d 0 «ll colltr:ul. 1_�a_l iie f,_ceCt to -
J_
f_'Ce t rii'.'it Lit lE� i3O rile JiC= tiv1 ti_'8 COl C,'.i11. Ile]lBVer ;`i'�C-
t1C.�l1C, the coli_tectio , uei;':1Ceii theL:i Lha .i. e .Iaacte GJlth slllC r�
jol-utes. Iilell the sections of th'e colvlricis are tiuch
that splice o_ates canno c be -aged, - co-- ecti on formed of
4nu_ �s dE Jinn I,t to pro ael'IStii ,�:'ibut she etre ni2y be
used.
(5) l��lEre uny-i-,art of the section of _, . colum-a o jeer
beyond that of the collum ,hove, the t:ii'ff.ronce ahall i)e naele u
b' lillinL-- glates secured '10 the col.lt.ii i)y ti?e l7rope-' dumber of
i ivet-;.
(6) 1'Yl8 -.,Ditch 0l ri'Vo l 'ut tL1E C'I]U Oi ul:ilt U') COl-Loins
ya411 not ei=cood of the rivet, -J-,or a Ie71E,i,ji equal
to tivice -ihe 6imai",sion of tl-e COIL -CE -m.
c-
(1) : i 2 ti1lC`ti]e� f tl-e 'verb iJL.1 Lt ulp c;irCicrs , n<.:L1 be
of 1e c th rl 1-1 U of the 6 i;�t�:;7ce u��t'I eon �l,e Ll,ll,,e 4n�:'les
or stiffener'--, nor les:- tilaii rn �-
(2) llOrt -Ghe uii3u:I?i)orted lengt-h O1' tLe
f=l-Ilz1 c 0% C;iruer c^ _CCe(7; 10 tl;1P,f, i-ts v!iC til (13) tilC -Lmit
str : s i11 ,�l.ch f1,11, e, ; Il�ll (lot e:,.caet'. 19,000 -QUO « � L Jl t
in to cam., a ;hE_l.L the U, n. U,1',�0._ 6e6 lei,- til OJ= 61-:0 C0 a;-;i0n n o
ece6e6 G -U i;i?+1ew
"iliOvicecl O-vc--r su-T-poits L+i7C. 1c.�1Gcr
CJiiG�ntr:_.tt.Ct 10�.0 _ , tt18J �l-'ll h'U (,i sL1if:LCi^il t,
C0!1u:I17 t0 C Ine loa6s �njcC ,17:'.11 i),' C01.l:iGG' 2U. ":'iti'. .. �'l1 f1G1ei1t
.I_ >_... J_1 J_. J_ J_
Icluf'lue of _-I.ve-i-- i0 r�_�ilt�l.?i�u t;11e N�,iB��ti; �O i,J1e
Cl8_ltll 0"�' the vTP.b)1:3te E=ceCC;. oU ti1,1eSti!1ClL]er:�,
i1..J:; rneC i�ttc' ,� iii feller ti11a11 ,,)e' l;-'oviGed . ._1i_ sti feAe:� s sn:-.11
Ott i1_ A£.ir w v'1.ti.1 clo;_e bec:t:- 11` � ;1.1-i-1 t the Lia' ? ,e\ , —Ie,. X
() ineii the ro11e6 e be:ir e urea i -n i s t0 form
-ir t� ers thea/ sh&I'L u0 coi'ixlectoc uolt:J and iron or
steel t i.,tErvull_ of ilot Iiio •e tllL r J feet.
12 over iii C-eoth s>i 11 ,l,_ve, at lel�-_st w' bol -i;:- to
fj0')
(5) �se_?x,ls 'u� t;ivaer, shall lie riveteCt or -.ecurel,,y
colied to the
1
1iJ I 1
.� -IOiIT 68 jolt .
(6) ,L'ver,y b ° r; lintel or f;ir<<cr -u-,D'LtlI
L 11 be eci, ,el;�- _i.chore(2 t:,eroto ajid hs 11 =est ui)oil Q
steel or ircn y)l .tee ;-o be-AE.-ned as to properly distribute
the 10 . /over the nlasozizy. lk.
d-
(1) �-teel
-izc.er , colur,hns,
uezmu, t_L; ;°o
-nc. other ,steel
s.rol- of hoof':' anc{ roofs ;.11_,x_1 be
rTell ��r1c iirrrly
connected
to`,c ter „nd -to
tihe walls.
�hu]_7.
bre riveted.-...vetil7�;s sh-11
int 0 other ;)e^-lcirC+.er ttrr;�
or col;?,
�:h, 11 be co-L1'_.eCted tl;ereto el LlhOr )d Mgle-_ or Imees lti7
2u%i•icier,t zivets o.c bol t, in ;)o ti'l le_s of e-_ ch col? iec -ink..
tC tr`nsTA-L, the entire lo__u coming o.n -the connection to the
sur)-:)O.rtin1 Learn gi-r6er or Col-wii1; or se^t _,nil'ficiently strong
to c rry the full locc!. :'itn gide ?1 1e to hold the oe8.m in
pl,-ce.
e-
(1)shall ue :Io ueE:i:i:ed tlz-t the stl•e;3ses it e.- ch
el: Je C,,=! �,, C _ lcul._ted .
( ) .11 tru: yes sh,_li 1e lielcl riuicl in position by
e iiicien t N , t toff,_- of la tc-r =.l _•,nLl bit aciilr- s lfut�j Jei2I�
,i-ced so th-t the =na imu_Tr_ 1i;11it o-{ longth Lt least raLius
otiOil , e,3t :,uli_:ihed p`, ti code iu riot e rceeclec .
(J)
or teT!,_ioyi IIiembel's the CtL_ l i1c.,t C.Y'e� Oill�/, after
c educting rivet holes one ei ; ith laj'Lor thy, li the rivets sh�11
ue consic;erec, Gs resisting the st-oeSS,
(z) ".1orza.,ression meT.zuers in pin connec-Ged trusses Shall
be so deli, ned th, t the Strosses shall not exceed 75 -)er cei;t
o:_ the h�err.is ible t,Torki;l.g ;•tress -For columns.
(5) -'he :needs o% eye oars shr_11_ be I cc.e un b-�, settinn or
forging. iso geld Ni1.!11 be allowed in the uody oi' the bar. steel
eye bars --hall be amae_ale6. iDars shall be stre.ight belore borinP-•.
pin dole h.:.11 u borecl true c.nCi . t r iGiit <!aE,'le3
to the e:e�l` of the I.l 'rnuer ._�, _-I1d s'JiL,.11 --F'1t 7e 1)111 ':!it -i-'1 the
l-4 ti inch. Jye -_nu' ciCrel7 e?1C,t3 sh21l be so -oro-portioned 'U -h., -,t 1). -Don
test to dest_•uction fi r Cture Will tcl=e place ill tele boc y of the
merhber. _.11 gins• shall 'be accurctely turned.
s
64.
com-G)onerl't
-pz rt s of buil-t -L-;-) Colu�imb,
',1rdGi�J i?cA
-ue rivetec.
z,Il collmn 0Olanecti6ns iii
briIc.in, s
o, r 4 std-ies
�hu]_7.
bre riveted.-...vetil7�;s sh-11
.lsi
64.
1C`_L0IT G8 uo:iI U
bo. uU �e0. in c0l-Lunn s-olic.e s, ii1 e u an 11ceS 0 �'irder S
�T1Ct trusses __I1C1 iii 211 comicc-uioi16 o -F boariis anit giretea:',C azid
tr"u_,seS in all C011nectioil:.. 01, GO a01tTL.m3
(�) There i ive.tirLS i;S ir11_0ru,ctiG__ble turned bolts may
be ujed provitled the holes- for sane ate punohed �.)nd rearled to
tern-Dl� ie and the b _)lts axe accvr a cel5> litteci .
sho-9 rivets, rr!lereve rr-'GtiG' "klle shill ce machine
u:ciV0J'a. _':e 'o�itc'i o_ civet-, ;:-,hall never e les,, ti1::11
di,u":eters 01 the ='ive iioT r:_o.:r'e t 1:311 u inC aes. In the Uitecti on
of the st_,�ess it not e_ eed 16 tii,io the lc. t thickneLs Of
ti.e outside .`'ieirioer. . .-t r i�lhtl -aales t0 the - o:s: eSS it --hall no -11
0`2 tiin_�u the illlGYt1 3 o.7. the ou u -Side li!eiiibe1: .
(,LL) _rivets fill the hole. coriyoletely,; the heaus
ue hernis-pheric-_.1 and conoent�'ic with the xi- of ti:te rivet;
the leugth betlieeil the he26.l sh�,17_ iiotl ei,cceec _5 tirles the Eli mnAer.
(5) .,`hele riveting i:s i.Ot re( iced, connectioi),_� ii -ly be
b- u01 tS w ici: sh ll Ue of mrought yl3'oii o -c mi` C. Steel ', IJLi
L'_te i,ilre-� ,_ . iYi-ie thre-t�.t_ _ hall _i)e fi:_11_ __,7_t elecn; the iiut
N'1l`:.11 Do tiu_ly Goncent� is 'r;ltsl he bolt, mlc; he t111ef:C sn2ll e
o Eufi'icieilt le:i{sth t0 :.'1101 t;, e nut i3O ue screy'lIeCt -U-o
J.�
) _.en uo7_ts ��re used in ue11--=ioii the workiilE-; S,Lresses
cel .-.11 'rye reauced to 7,000 nouilcs, or FDc,ua:co iilch of net axe_- _coz
;steel c.nc 5, 000;)ouaa1 :i or 1,;2ocz.6,ht i coil .nd the lolad si all be
i_.=.I1.rAi LteC :iiit) the he -6 of nut by ei. S eiwt?,ibut;iii•: the
a2t3 everlj/ ore:: tine enLile tiurf ce of the s-zne.
(7) 111 the col,;,trt.Gtion of t for st�ir� , lLf1d:tll611,
jpl,>ti0:i'rnS fire escuj,)eU, 0_r loonies aii( avi.TniCl`s, no rivet shall
ne le s thea ti l,ee-eights ci riieter, ..Tac no molt ler„s tiluZl '.
iiicia diometer .
(1) ll met�:l tructu?'-1 tiroci� :ne.11 �e cieaneo. of all
IsG .1e, dirt nci L.US,t .n:. b igen one co t o f�l_�ill'u U Elie
;'ii0'1 corn";i;letel�/ cove in, p: =1_L e,--'Joscd G.1Tc. ce ytCx' e "e7_ 1017
:.l.L _:-uch ''0117_ Nh .11 ue U�.i1it0d _lt le%: t One _'_d6i-b 01ia1 C:oL?1, 0f
2, 12 Q8 C�.iliel'ei1 11oiff the fi:-;:jt co._ -A. __`.(.e Zi]',_.'G co -.t o N2ii1t
shL'll ue n_t..Cia o1 sill encs wi'licil ,jIit? 1 'ue chernic :11y ii,ert 'tel
n �1ic::tion nu uhL.11 be inixr u with linseed or other dryin-- oil.
tl'he ai.-ioiint o --I' volit<.,1 i,utte:,., shr_11 ue su:ffricicrlt :For (D�s.5y s -o
inL a11d shall trot i114u?'e the filri of the ,i3it. 1'he -,)aint shall
C!?",y' sufficie3!tl;y hL.Lct within -- hou,sJo th2t it will 1?ot r -ab
Oft' ow �.braict :� il,;�.:dJaeil the�tecl reuches file job X11
1 3 e oi, tion � ilc.11 ue thor o1 V - 3co,- -ueC: i7ith
'C_ s. Ct o_ L11,jU_ G
t':e a:,ue the sho•) coi..t ut,.�'ore fire ; ecOitU co^t
i;. :1�;�1a_e�:. the :;econc, cora r� C ��,_,irlt i._,.11 be f==- ,�uci� �.s
fill iaot c o ,ent of the i" _t costs1,a11 .uo
i:1i�.-ed l��iti1 yui rnent ,-:hich a ill ue i,1ea't
l:iCi trio ticle 111 be oile tlt,.t will not J^�
.'Ui]i,:y u.�acler rho
"0 tion of COMC:clt rnortLr.
�ecti0n, G3 CAn`t.
2-"-luri"aces oL ,iveted ?-ro come in contact ,'lith e= ch othe
2'. all" i.,e 1):;,i.nted '1 ith a coats o" -f ���7_P.t LE"�OrE �S J Ilblf_nCD
3,111 ir'o-1 usec? in damp locations or under 1,,iatcr shall be
imbed6ed in Portl, nCt cen-:ent cone:,ete. I(o -Qaint shall be applied
1,o the steel su,.faces l-:hi.ch are to be incased i -n concrote.
7 st^uctl�^ .1 steel. ?rork t-Thich may be so p1.laced as to be in-
�ccessible for inspection after erection tiha,ll -`,)e thOfOl-,7 cleaned
of 3,11 rust and paint 'aanO. encases!. in Portic,-rid cement concrete
beTol^o it is 'r. endered inaccessible
lection 69.
i'II- 22LI11FCES 1�ITD FP,, 2ROO ]DOCIi",i AITD, C?IUTTiE'R3
a, In every -e�'is h771 ing e?c'eedint` f* "by five and not over one
hl�ndred fee"i", ur mfr eE o� 1arger Mand �oipe, and in all b:lild-
ings hereafter erected e_rceeding fifty five and not exceeding one
h1.1nr'irect feet in height there -s'hl-,.Il be provided a vertical standpi-oe
o:f not less than sLV inches in diameter.
b. In every misting building exceedin,e h_u,��'red Feet i:i height,
unles s' already provided -lith a fou ^-incl) ,7,"�rk-"01Pe, and iY all huilCl-
ira.`s hei aa,fter erected exceeding onehu d..rod -feet in he:ignt, there
shall be provided - vertical s.tf--,ldpipe of not le s than six inches
in shall bo of wrought iron or Stec:!
lvnni�ec� •ird to`other ,lith fittings and connections shall_ b of
^uch St�I'el.gth es to sa,i'e ly 1'mithStf.nd at least three husa.C,red rounds
D-- wOter ID -re t0 the EQuare inch rlhen Inst=',llecI aaid ready for
service ; alsoto stanc a test -ithout leaking at joints, valves,
-.nd fittings.
c. ?t-andpipvS shall be 1ocatod wit'P_in fiIre-proof tairZ'ray 3nc'locu.*c9S
where the l-.tte:C are Of Su.c'P_ co --suction and 2 s near �Et ,i Y r 7C
�Ossible 1, -,here the-, are not so inclosed.
d. Z=1 billldin, c o-xceOC'i�l� one h-Fmdred feet deed fronting Os1 trl0 or
more Streets, or on a street -.i1d an alley, there shall be a st<- dr•ipe
at each end of the buildi-nC and in is. .-e Lire,, bui.lc?inai's the -^c shall
be one at each stf-Liir�r.,7cy or within each Stairrr^y e.ricl ose.
The -.re more than one st1�.n�7..pipe, is 2eCIu2-11red on a building t_zey shall
b col..lectod at their base `rrit_n pipes Of size ecu°:l to that of tho
largest standiDi-?•�1
e, so tht the wlater frm:. any --course jril_l supply all
the stanc'�-pi- inn.
e. ta,...dpiL)es sh.cll erste. d 'ronin the cellar and thru the roof vTith }_•Ose
connection loco tic from four to six ret above the floor level, fitted
�''i t''J 4-tz"ai,ght1"!a;j CO-m-ooSiti.011 V<alv0 in each -�to%'j, in-
r�si.n,, cell^.r, and hose eo!"I'10etion ' oVided above the roof r,,ith
the v:'_!ve ccntrol_lirig 7.O.t't,er, loc-JI-ed- 111 the t�,�lQC).�_pc t'Ir�(�l•'.r 1,}1E .Cof L
nd --- rr`1ncec to JO o�oe—(,7tecl ,bo h from L_b0, e�t?C, bc1oi"I the roof. _
SLIT t� t`l�v ti:r@LW Clu.^ t � i C 1 d.C�.i� �1 nC PC: 1TOl.vO ,•hall be 1,r ovidcd
under t,''le roof - for e"Ic") -^o0f con--,7ecti.o-n
7 . Ho ,,,o co1ineetio.rls tient to reach to all_ _�^.ills of the flco., sh'-Il
JO t3.cl_ C t ,( -111,,ej -1 1 -f' ' ,-r
at � ,e 1 ��� e. 'i'i outlet i 1 �uil� ir.,; �snd I_o^��,. for oo_-a�;r.,ra It
n
�i.�;;T be )1raCed o2. ^o.Ci.'a- iii t0?j i'loo.:;' ti'_e scuttle t0 'c?;le •
r OCf. '=7 0 17 1 b0 ti'.+'0 d� Ona til^1 f OC ;Tp 3%16. fiT;a-e1` 1 iS 1.a1Gi"_E'
i_i1 d iT: o t c ii1 fifty f_'oot 1e.gth—c an 'r;rpviC�Od ,"ith � atm" --q C C'o, Y,,7_i_i 4f�
at each end, all couplin,- s t0 be o--� sLir o hose th"L---c_ .as t_h_-t in u; E?
the Doau-mort T'ize
�. T10 s0 to be a—,—)—Droved linon , c0 'ton , 'rubber line( cr c,.ubb,,�r -Trade under
c•-'"'eoj fic•-.ti.or - JcommTlc_1C.nCl hW the I'`..t � Boras„_
_"d Of '�i`oe illlde ^ t.0 o0
_,ELC.''2 li-10 o -f 'ho, -e Shall %e '�'!'oviued.wit1", '? SherS :7,'; bot?'_ e_1Cl.ti amld 'Ce
f.-
teC_ i.'1 c 1 1C -)]_-0 ; Or 'nozzle Ui j!11CiC_' ^11
havin;
,n r c.7.;._•, outlet of 1. e,,a, t `11hree lu. rtci7s inch
65.
'D::
fiction 70.
2.00.11:1 C 0%"� I I: G; S :
7 7 � rr }; '% S� c �,cr n of r �-
. 2.11 bui c.inrs withi_-, hey, Lire units, herEat' rectec. or
,,(-,cove --,- 2 CI , shE.11 haw roof cover illp'r= o FzpI)rovec! s- and4rd. ; ualit-,r
such as con(,rete, tile, cl<'.t metal, ficoectos
117 'o "i 1- -n, L- fed ,.-.7ith C7-0-.-TC1 0',' S1"- --nr-fade, o� C I,e.,,C y��_�lly
E.rood ="i_'e-resistive roo 1_'1 -:'hich ha -I br-en tC.sted wrld ap-oroved. by
the .o ieral�i:_zlc!J.n� I.1 :'e'ot0` -
b. I e grades of roo-_F_!i_L; lilentiGned above Sila 1 be C'Ct rrltrerl IbI7
the e .or'wl o._ilding Ins�)ector, and lest of ^P rwccl. roo-rin s of
each class ,.)osted in office for ins-pection.
C. Po luaco,-el.0 ta"r, felt, rosin, woo(luork or other combustible
18 t8ri �,l Sr1h�:.tSGt vei shy 11 be CYGSed Ali 01 2Yl�T rOc�'f' 07' G.Oi?end w`'CS d
Within the diStI,aiCt.
d 1.11he-vmoden y�lanking or S e"thinF-• of r 0_E. �1c�. .rJt LL ?n�C; case
e tr,;.1d .cross side of )q--rty inialls.
e. .nL roof aitch o.� over 60 de.�'rees, -pla.ced on p.n,y buildirg
ove'" /i -C foci, iii height, C;`_•�_ce-pt towors Or church, S_Qi es as r_peci_fi o!
;hall be constructed of iron or steel f-'a.mes protected i-Tith fire--
-oroo inF,, .`=md filleCll lF1i th fir e-orocf material riot ]_ an '-']-'n -0
1 -hi cls coverci. ,rith �.-oproved.
f. .=_11 fla hi '-2 shall be r_;tade of mo ta.1 or o then approved material
properlJ incorporated with the roofing material.
to -i,, ani sides of dormer winclows shah_ '6e ,,ro to cted the s ':1P
_S the rGOf.
h. This section sh411 not be construed to -orohibit the repairing
of a -rood shingle roof, provid.od the building is not increased in
heiUht or Cre,,, but the rene °rel of such roofs ,•rithin tho idistrict.% x
is forbidc.en. _il>istinn shingle roofs t-rit'r,iri ti i d distric t I, if
c Qmaged from any c`-ose r-rhatever So that ns nluch as, 25 w_,r Gent hal-;
,to be made ne-,shall be, ent. rely covereC' Y,!ith ifir^ resistive roofing.
uGctim 71.
'LOCI �� .1-�;=; 0— 1�0`.JI.;-.'2CUMT :
a.. 11 olristi_),� buildi lys ^_na bv_ildi_�g•s hereafter to be e'ected shall
be ker)t -or_ovided with securoly fa tened Ytcttalic leaders or doge
113 JO1Z� S to Conduct th0 w",ter from the roof in -iic'l ir,ianner as not to
flo,'i upon or against `-._ny viall or fo"undction of any builc.i= I- or a -non
the pro-perty of any Person_ ot-he , thmn the ow-ier of such 'wilding.
b. In no ca^(<! shall the ,-iater f_'ofi such leaders be allo,.'ed to flow
upon any sic?err�.li=, buti�j11. be cG}Zc�ucted by drain' -)i.�oec, under the
Uidei': lk to th_s str.eetq Butte:'. , ',later tion such -pipes ;hall not --,e
discharges. into an;y street or - le;y at -point hiJh.er than o inch(�u
above the; establ ishert gr, -ale.
o. The lc.Ver 5 feet of ^.11 such C? olrin Spouts within the j nne�? f r e
1 mi t, n j ., rrY Ta '+ y 1 C 1� t,� �.
.a. -11 1. e of cast 01 w` _ i_'o i not e.. th. r. r, gee r,�.�n �s
incher,' in •thlcknes:,s
G'l .
ection 12.
OCUTTLEV OF ROOM
• Tho roof of every building mozo than 15 feet high, which is not
reui2 eC' to h cve Stairs and bvikhead lec? ing thereto, sh;ll be Oro -
Mad, Ti.th _ scuttle at least 24 1 36 inches in size,
beneath soma, in the cc,i11rreof tic top story there shall e an
openinV of the ase size, 131aiply indWted by a molded iramc, and
,r' t i_openingsshall cosily 2 i`e& Tri thont the Uco o.�
t12�. �_,�;��', �o both be ��:.�, _ ,
keys. 1n yrivcte residonces a 6o_mer i.ndorr MPY be 71bsva.�l_.'G c. for
�,scuttle,-��� o v iE�ed trpt i��_ roof c .n be reF.t. . _.. �c�.c�_�.. y sa.. e o
bec t_i.on 75.
a. 111 inC;lO ,l'.i'e._ 70r tanks, elevator, Or c.I_AVatOr Ii?Fj,t",hi2lery and a_1
petit houses and bull>hOBCi,`.,' upon non --fireproof builli:clgs shall he of
fireproof construction, or may bo built o:i woo? 2tu0s completely cLvo -
Od :`,lith metal or metal lath pla ste.;; ed on both sides with cement blaster.
_ll winjo:-rs, ?doors _n6 trir? shall be of metal or metal covered ani
bo Ll^_Zec ,lith vi_red alas, Aere glass is used.
b- _:,il svch structures gpon Tiragroof buildip;gr 2hall be offize;roof
construction, includinL floor2 �?'`.? in all cEses the outsiJo s7rf c_ ,
ti_a
7�_.._ .. ,��,_a�'. .iU�. _��Wav- :1C01'ii,�....,ialC t.� 2Oa.__ ,._t:�... , ----
c- Bul k,. eal
ot ort Fo ac , when 1sed only for th purpose
ose of e1
,-
ClOi3n; kti-rq to ,r , "l=i; tor .Chin iy, votor tanks, Z.-
'�ilti2 Lpn r.wus, c-:121 -11 j{c��E..'.!_I_�:: 'r�, = o lJ}1ar r' Achinafy, n eoC nom. t
UG C'1j,_ilir:.t•f'.C' in LrL tV.l .:?__vJ .i' the 1aE',i'Al L ..)... moi... building. Pent __rlL ...
1 f . cJ.1 0 l....r aJ i t:. 4 f •.J _. p r._ •7.J _ e a W ii 1. t.', '.J.Il . _. .' iI.i `.. -._ .l _ I_ P .1 .. d nrWil
not exceed 12 fnet in : C.'Qh!✓ .hall not L' oc�;1-.c)�. mor E �_ _._� Y
cent o.` ACh _.:_ o too moll -j'.--r•,_1'_C'ilii� all olJ_'1r-.'_ bl1'�;1_?vC•'.+� or �i�;1 /N
�i .o .,V ..�J.�.i .. _.. , v _ i�j�♦^..v terry. C.^ .� - `. �v'.-:� .. �'.r.
� ^ �/ � :� r. � ? Ltl 0_ U •�t: e' �- ' -• t,ll_'. 1.2 •_ F� L v1 .C.: t \I
11170_-}! We ' nc .1'� bril in ..;i..thcnt the-r7.tten .wfroval o:� tV=
.Ui?�.1h.�._ inslac' o i'.711 (�1racti o of the cG mai scion. -
e, font houcaq or bulkheads, monitors or un y othor Dr.'ojecti.on nbov--
a Poor, locetpP ' hi_r 10 feet of any party or We '.r Cil, shall have
cuch =11 czrficd ul at least 18 iLchoc above the roof of 2uch Ion',
=ou_ on Jalki,..:,'_i as :a, j_'ar%v v i -op ---ei tJ-.'.<..cVe
u ` { ..._. , , �, , c., t� '_ t I:: .�'•" _l l !� L• y ._ � _I. Ci c C.i . ; � � _' C: L h � _ 1 _ .; (_•.
QVIon 71.
a, V"--1;_ of =w t;,".ian 50 6nilcLn __y ..,i -L pl ,_}.cad .:ithi�_ in, ':7t_._idi :;
on = �_�hoLo tic_.ou_L, `s:c_11_ to,.---,`Jor tcd by Mal ✓_ o._.co_'_-., of
JYi. nJ. _.. t r., _.. _._ ;,j uh to c'._'i'„` the riamr' 2afoly. W _2,:s C"`-'--'- last _. .
botb _ AY vii stool o 1-':..i.7_ .,', 1=22 W. atoll ,% }l1n - J 'J. 71112 o 1_.
DT M�tonzj. 00 os
or_,C, :,_-._.. VO yt i„ t poscibAlity of oyn7tn,nin, on bucklinj Q1+.o to
Ccci.lYtio_11 of the tint in a An? Acry.
:.T- I:.. or _.c. s ,,. c ,>ot tm.: of _ c� Unk !Marc h. _. ,_c a _,Inv or 'L_ t_;;
n +o t i n `_ r than 6-. .,11,=e c in G i �, r_ i9 ': _ r, F 7 i 1 a i with , ..L L.='_,_ .'_ o Late
717 Jar ,j t goody _ i_2: , e of the Yak in i_z _ of _! ':I;Eal tr
C-- .;0_..,_2 co.-e2n o1 t_rks on _'oufc Chill be no -.i'cri with notal. _1:3.op2
Lf .. GWn_1 i,1.. __ _ . 1iql_l )E of no t.,.1. .,.'Gant: in section.
n.
? y..._`„ '_;vincnVicitj of .,-_.;a;,ding 1,000 gallons _r_. jlacA o--
0- 'Q' -i. _'0n -:i1•,- 20000 1Tw3.A”; - ..hal_ have the _ y..Ior iaL Mal
JS.
et
•h t;ly r i7C U i_ri } OGJ ra<. 1
- Q1 _ C�� tP_�� f E limit's .uhc e any 0 ii. � C:i?=g ha din` rtl 5 z , it �rJ
't Gr � ,Tr,,.__
�l...0 " Ci e r _, th-a 1.. t-
a 1 n ^ ' r1 3 'net to 1J?".O�e1 t,? lirlr , pI J feet t0 any 0 JL1er
nUi.ldizi-, the cor-cliecs Uncl overhan-inv Cava.,:, shall be of, or covcr.?r7
:.'it[1 i_iG0 1bU_ `tli�1G matcria.l. `,hen buildin`s, afe vr'ec.tGU in 2oiio,
co -,--rices z -hall ho ,firrestoZi)ccl l!l.th] incol lii:zs tible r;la.teri 1. between cr'c;h
puiIdin:
J
skylz,-h is shall na Te a motal -r-rar"e `,-r ,d f n-
a.nd ?)a--. t tho—oo' :,hall be r1�;ret Ci rJ`!' G tide:!''.''l.�E ryo•t rel�r i,`',te_-J, Ci ill
at'niticm ':,o solo..erina.
7 n C 4 7' i I n �i v. 7-.'..� _ '1 1 n n n: 1'r
r?- 1 _ -u-� t �.s _ ..ra131 �:t G _ c_ G, 1. :4:,1'? �I_ G shall b �l,ued ..1t
1
, `-alv�lj JGCO e Z
_1�C11
cr0011ti
�"r plain gla.�rw i uF�E'd 01? bllilC.i7i;s Or -pJ-blic chIra.cter
over anJ or roo`,i 0f pi-lblic resort, 17 i."res screens, shell be
�laecd beneath the skyIi`'hts also.
c- No criy ed glass shall. be 'placed in a Pki.,light at tie to -o of tho
e:. lo2u_ - -for levator.,, to r, a.,s, dutib� ite 02� veli�i
�n Ana e S �,� r �% :;� } 4 t 1'1
an C. E'h
sh,fts; a.11 _,uch shall be -1 zE)d i -Tits thi i. Ela.ss aril
x;11^11 bc, _,rotectod by g�1v,-nizeO wifo sc2eto.s. Th;l mesh. of 2l2ch
:_.Creells 'hall not .P-:ceed 1 inch Ci1G the 1?i t S''h2•l_1 be of a �Jze not
legs than ?res 1.2 -au-e. �.11 scree_ s7hall_ have Nub; tr_ntial metal
su�ororts, anct Shall be ;?lased at least 6 inches above
hall ,L ?'Gject 6 incises beJord -all e6�;,ec o.° same.
d- `Aft_-Crl metal loul"zos ai e usec� for venti_latio l purpores, over shafts
o-,- va coi'_rieCtion vith sk lights, thu louvres, or Ht�� �Jh=w]. 1. -)2iveted. 6 {c, the ,!,etas
e-- In stP^C! of `2 ,k,fli-ht' o*ver _ f'I,ft, vli-ridm,i, Cf ecuiv�Ient a -ea
?I1 t3�7 be placed in file `='1f�@ Ui
the -1 r f^rt��� oT1
�l 0 ..tit o bed f_'c.� the
-�)2oper ty line. �3iq.ch windcri shall have incor,�bustible matariol frame.
3n1 ss..ni end be l zed ivith thin;
f- '1.`here Y!,alls are c-:.rried UU <)bove file roofs of buildings
proper meCns shall b2 p-rovided an6 i -sed by the pe Cil EtPCtl1g the
.11fa for the-Orotec°tion of the shlylight;, aid roo-i'S of such ad joinin,
build ir-
g-- ; ho-u.ld th8 ov1ner of such adjoining bid! di nc r@ �1?ao ne Illlss1.0r1 to
v-
r> c .
tlil
t C^_n� C limn 't! e C' I l e i G C-0
i_ cl'�i�; �,,_, _c :in sh_,�-
:1_��ic_r, _�Ct �;�= t b
'-•'• � -� ll of
.1le 'a�i i^1
_�l 0? _ c. _ G �__1t a iia. t
11I e peco.r er. to Jct e
�11c rriti r.o gal. fr mi.n" or :-,c� :�: , . r`a,�_�i.ces,
ff
o. 0-th0 ?r'
-ocUCti.ons of
_�. ,ll
i :.:Orli % or 0theC i]Cv7,, T C, 11-0 ti:,l hhC.71 ],
oses .�o" cent
o� t1�e v,ei,;h' o:° .^.rqe i.i�� i �e 'ho out,- fUce
of t fl E" a11.
�- r'io.r � ood a co_ 1iG
limits which are im.-, <fe
o o_ `;t^ - t ._ ._, 01 buil c _L, i t'tai.:_ tv,li
c-�' Oama�e1: to tl,c. � .test ot• one h_1If sh"all 1-'e
�(
taikon do -:,m ane Yr e-jol-
ce :gent of Same. shell Sao maclo with incombustible
7" Steri_al.
- Q1 _ C�� tP_�� f E limit's .uhc e any 0 ii. � C:i?=g ha din` rtl 5 z , it �rJ
't Gr � ,Tr,,.__
�l...0 " Ci e r _, th-a 1.. t-
a 1 n ^ ' r1 3 'net to 1J?".O�e1 t,? lirlr , pI J feet t0 any 0 JL1er
nUi.ldizi-, the cor-cliecs Uncl overhan-inv Cava.,:, shall be of, or covcr.?r7
:.'it[1 i_iG0 1bU_ `tli�1G matcria.l. `,hen buildin`s, afe vr'ec.tGU in 2oiio,
co -,--rices z -hall ho ,firrestoZi)ccl l!l.th] incol lii:zs tible r;la.teri 1. between cr'c;h
puiIdin:
J
skylz,-h is shall na Te a motal -r-rar"e `,-r ,d f n-
a.nd ?)a--. t tho—oo' :,hall be r1�;ret Ci rJ`!' G tide:!''.''l.�E ryo•t rel�r i,`',te_-J, Ci ill
at'niticm ':,o solo..erina.
7 n C 4 7' i I n �i v. 7-.'..� _ '1 1 n n n: 1'r
r?- 1 _ -u-� t �.s _ ..ra131 �:t G _ c_ G, 1. :4:,1'? �I_ G shall b �l,ued ..1t
1
, `-alv�lj JGCO e Z
_1�C11
cr0011ti
�"r plain gla.�rw i uF�E'd 01? bllilC.i7i;s Or -pJ-blic chIra.cter
over anJ or roo`,i 0f pi-lblic resort, 17 i."res screens, shell be
�laecd beneath the skyIi`'hts also.
c- No criy ed glass shall. be 'placed in a Pki.,light at tie to -o of tho
e:. lo2u_ - -for levator.,, to r, a.,s, dutib� ite 02� veli�i
�n Ana e S �,� r �% :;� } 4 t 1'1
an C. E'h
sh,fts; a.11 _,uch shall be -1 zE)d i -Tits thi i. Ela.ss aril
x;11^11 bc, _,rotectod by g�1v,-nizeO wifo sc2eto.s. Th;l mesh. of 2l2ch
:_.Creells 'hall not .P-:ceed 1 inch Ci1G the 1?i t S''h2•l_1 be of a �Jze not
legs than ?res 1.2 -au-e. �.11 scree_ s7hall_ have Nub; tr_ntial metal
su�ororts, anct Shall be ;?lased at least 6 inches above
hall ,L ?'Gject 6 incises beJord -all e6�;,ec o.° same.
d- `Aft_-Crl metal loul"zos ai e usec� for venti_latio l purpores, over shafts
o-,- va coi'_rieCtion vith sk lights, thu louvres, or Ht�� �Jh=w]. 1. -)2iveted. 6 {c, the ,!,etas
e-- In stP^C! of `2 ,k,fli-ht' o*ver _ f'I,ft, vli-ridm,i, Cf ecuiv�Ient a -ea
?I1 t3�7 be placed in file `='1f�@ Ui
the -1 r f^rt��� oT1
�l 0 ..tit o bed f_'c.� the
-�)2oper ty line. �3iq.ch windcri shall have incor,�bustible matariol frame.
3n1 ss..ni end be l zed ivith thin;
f- '1.`here Y!,alls are c-:.rried UU <)bove file roofs of buildings
proper meCns shall b2 p-rovided an6 i -sed by the pe Cil EtPCtl1g the
.11fa for the-Orotec°tion of the shlylight;, aid roo-i'S of such ad joinin,
build ir-
g-- ; ho-u.ld th8 ov1ner of such adjoining bid! di nc r@ �1?ao ne Illlss1.0r1 to
v-
r> c .
Lo'cczon 7cE" S 11T
_. �.r•�.:. ,�. li ..�i l.,.v ,:.. 1,_i; i;tl.,_�c _ 1- u i_. 1.:Qr --, w...0
�, i r
.:h.`....�.� hG°�. ,..l .^.. i._'.v c�. i,�` (✓s th;, :(,le(' �'n. .l1ij ,�C' ID jiCs 1'I.�__ �-. 0_1
��?-:`_'.1a 1 t�_.. :_`7� i ,�_t: llld ...:)cis r,; s y v S.l.,. 0. �_ t_' re. • „i. h
_ Flsu i �;` i.0 ~c`'?I, = shall '? ! C'vF3 �; 0 O'.v; C1 . 0� ��_ �' I c OC :IZI
v -
tif- �,__J.1C' L:l� _'Orl ,., _�•`�)oL .,_ ,.1.11 L„� tv-. ,?1_,,:,"0 �� t0 1'"I`!
C 1: t,: 0� 1' "i :�1 C : ].1' isl'
;SCC- u a (7.
tti a ,( ? :� --hi - c;0 c� s'_ X11 i -acl-ad. x.11
I ! t0_(: i' � e` C-latoS, 0=' 1i f t - v - C^ - - L l a _ J0, c Py r.
_0 }^ }�� r11_J_c]i^Y� ��;�. .I ..r_' �t'1 -7 � '�^. c- 1� 7,.e - 1 -F' �f1 .r
V_, crf, _.1.. �l_�'•_-u Cl Elich i..j �.'Zc._... l�. i�i
161 t. .,_ � t__ e 11._c_1..i.._1Is 0.! -:'flit.}"l d 11 :1t __G'>eC`. C. 21q7_1a:.e foc. G
i i"_' :o'ri z o n t l,i,!lC,n i )2 •`'nr?et i:i h;�i;;ht, d !`Ihi
1'O: t'lA o -F Dma.11 ),,?C;kaffeS, a:''r1 re.rC'ha-,iC?1s_-. -=J' it^r C1
j)0;`.rr-1^ ylev,lGr 110(T1i1;4 Of ??O:Ce t;aln 7 fc=e'� Shall Conj-1l t
c) - u
°iith _.11 the rtimuirer::cnts of tai,, sac�ti on !To belt elev-tors
d,_A_v, nro:-i1 counte-oshaft 5; x'11 i -e i-11-Eta.11ad --Pur
_-, T", cri c e •
'a- =
w� �z
r, r� fir 'rr` i J'
,...v
0yj
oh al 1 c locked -- 6 bol cO i_. Y' ,___ie_ to i ormi l
lJ
only b- tl,(, 01.n; .t0,, of th'o a. ,
h- ;.}1� ? ?r i l , j w fyn, c - ,
h-
-hall _>_. _lE> . etic_ _t c 1�L cl c _t.
1.0,,.n L�_' _- '. .'1_o�C� ;;h�:l; nct be a-} a)� Toot
.:he t0,� Cr co J_oD J_`,,ht`w an c!_d': uridc',., 0�
l h C 2r 61_14 On t'}e :U?`_)er S• !TC CG1?tin,"10', f 0= 0
h__11 ;�ermittcd cL co -O_,1 t'�r,: �i�h"L>:.
t01 C;ti'S :3hc`t_.._ 1 }, l �s+r1cte, o f I mh ntI_1 �
_ ca.�_ IJ ..L L.r J zn�,a_._ l._I.� _ 1L
e _Ce )t, the floo;,i '2 mnn bo, o -t' ha --,--d -:Io OC. .'tPF Cf; shall be noir
1Y irch S SpC,co 'pCtwee—a t':0 -I-b, C, 0f +},.� _ J` _C
and iDi:o jos : into y C: Jho:. -t the �'�7::(J shell Le' 1 1
hr 0'' �
" v `' _ 1 - rl
ol:�J ^ : } C:`ri e� �
1 IJ o", � _ C!' 1711�J.c. � tnC
'- r C? fl ,: n � � �., h r. Y' t r n L, '1 (`, -�- 10 S, S 1
a�•� J.t ..__'e c: .1 of 1 J t..7a
of all Ca_'c shall hr' oh i CCrlb)`,a r�_(
(o elevr_to_,- , sho-1.1 be -)='0 p: cly liar Lod
till X111(40^
ail S fo' COt,"f C•a=" 1d Coltnt' '''Ie141 S1"wll C 0 F�tC, 9
, ,r:'1��.., , SJ I (J �"�., ted t 0 the n �, i (', n S s' 1� c.', J- .. i.- '- v ey` �, c
d_ - C o_ 0-± the !:C l'J_ steel, G C_. t
7_xoil 01-richetS c'0 r'�z..CeC. that i'}7C ,iiiCteq '711]_ be _ � 1d. _"'0 Sid, J.c,—
to Z. J_
nrn 2 shall be "s neo._,, `:,mch ri "i
1;0 x`01.1-- %i° eIeV' -0 s, ha 11 h",.Ve C.e "0- oh t co. -.r €;.r trie,_n ; ,"ttE the l
O �.t i _ 21Y --a-r-, a d .h`.1]. i1Ct be iDc. '.itt` c? t0 C.,rrrY. i�aS CIfe
I.,1. .'n J 1 i,t e 1 J 1.1nd0_'' t`^n �_ihu..VE' _ at tr:t'� �' _ _Y_'1- c'r• "J
^ i , lt ,0 � 0 f
i- an-, bu i (j i ,-Iu here, shall () �O�rZ C�nr'- '� co-, 'ry tom' l".b o_- sub -1 -2 ---tial
CT `tie]. n0:i 1--u, than IYZ_CCh mei:,h yx,0 erl�i ij'.:_1J)Crte0
l C_. e a c,),tGC J_ LL0].• LI_v.i iE t C i C
J_ J.�
U_ LOttO%1 0 '. L: i) Irl .f i ?'.d 'the Lowe t, '_OG'i:C t. of -he mgc�or l C]E { yOr C J
_ ,,� 'f- �', �T the 7 . - ,^a. ti !,tet id _11.Q ? ✓i., .-gin t�_1,, 1.0p
C, __r !_l00 �.he__ V (",C, ]_� t 1. ; _Lo. ( t ].cf iYtv� n
Ot t C Cr0 S?10 .d oT thr C'. ^r tins lincler Nide of "the o7i-erhet-1 ,
OT' =;lab ''he 1 t ca.r 1 , `, tt'T) _C t that CC17_ _f�c.
2" i e i t y d i l: ; .,?' P_ J_, r. c-
CD
ha 11 »o � bo ]_e u -h; 5 f_ � ec cf in
J J" .�1''_ r _''^8�, �Or e1.�J:- VOL', having `1 _ � 7
ei_ 0 E'.,,_ 0T 350 ieCt )L.r7:;]."P_l7 :,E' afiCt 1"Il•hu7 be redLlCe(`. v0 rJ .CE= v Tor :3.�ev-, t,0'r"(�
h`:vin4; _, tot;LI _:iS'e not e�_ceedin4 30 feet grido, e0 nat `Vice0a�..
100 feet zjer minute.
n- 11 artC of the olovator ma chiner�r shall be. enclosed in fireproof
i_�ar"t,itions of approved mater'i.als and _;uc:h enclosures shall b�- well
lijfhte� Froo and Safe access shall be ycY'avidcd to all puLt of elevator
L' a- chinery. _
t -e top �.nci bottom o -y ill e]_cv.:"nor Nh�. `ts c}_7e.re shall be
11b 't`e_i t1Cl l�' -Cer r ; COU11 der 18iu-_t o _
b� _c__,._ s1.. i. s for cis and
y)- Tti72 C^.Y _r'�717.� r IDC,- 1l 0.1^ a O tY r c i''' r r F� a 1 ,T c
-� C l__,1�0 f. r ]_ 1Ilachill.e; hill �C
C f Ste t dCs1.F�_1ed :for C.ouble and. live loa d S t0 be Su-l.ported o
C'- ,STC)'?; D:7 r e.ii C elevator `-'.ha1.1 have, ,, tra.p dos_' in the tCP of thF
Ca'!' 0"f SUC?1 size as t0 afrord ec,sy _COs Cr ?9here
'i'70 Ca:.:L' S � :r i' tIae a a f }� i t-, - „ovl do
`: '0 1i J (3�lie ,.,11 t ,�1_C_ I"._E) .,. Of eL_C�?,��:; 711c,.v' bra �'
ut the s;_de of c h c^1'.
r- It ^hall be the duty cf the o,T:ner of every elevator to file ':TiJc
the � e-reral SLa.lclin" Insy-)ector at least every --ix month : a ce:^ti,=?cite
of ins1)e3tion mc.de by a reliable engineer -or rsechonic selected 'by-
he
b --
he Gene_al Eiiil6ing I� ,)eetor. gush certific:�l�es .,h�-11 be m..c�e on
J.
�'pp o.�ricte bla_,Lk.� furnished b;l the city frea Cy Char Le, and sr47ri to
by the -party rpa''_'in`' the iiis-pecI-J.on- -'_ny nece: ,Shay rei)a reC07n]:ner-CLe
7 1 0
I
Section 77 Cont.
in such report 2 -hall be ir_,ir.iedi ate]_y made by the o,-rner a-i0t if such
7� 0 1e�G 1,_�1s^ r_ Ll,__.l 7nC Ins�ecto- may e uir i ,S
elei `� tC� 1. C n C Cl ��j_P. the � 1 Cl r , i r k E �-�
to cease m til uch re_C it 3r) made. The fees f0.r ,�%Gh
ir,sP.dtion shall be ••-1050 for passenger end •.;l -0r freirt
J
clev Ei cors .
s- It shall. be tuZlawful to use -any tor that is not. provie...oc
".'it-I__i'et-", devices for bring•in='' the elevat r t .� , , ,
�; 0 c• r �0 rest, 7i �)._c1,_t
sf '1G ]S ink='' ;7 t0 passerger_s or opCr;atlo :ihonovcr it ma -y for `Ly
reason exc`:ed its ('atled speed by rnor. E thin 40 per coni or reach
a 2reod Of 850 feet a minute. .'Uch device`. sh--11 b !`ed UnCe9'
Car platform.
t-- �.''ie_',)> elev--•,tOr,shall be C,erl t?1th approve automc�tiG
`)to")s� al,les 1'ji1;?J nY' G �' COa11t'�""�," 1�ht`;, S,r=.11_
11 c �, t,II used for h'ik. t,in - < 7' rC. o
17e met;alli c c:�bles �r'rith hemr centers. `i -ten an7 c, ble sho,us more than
10 -oe'L' Gent of the 1.7ireo compo:`sin.� ,such ccblc to be tit_s-riled 02 iJ^oken
such cables sh, 11 be-replaGec�. i-;;. th n^tip ones. There evblea z,�orli in
pwi:r s it shall be il .,, rful to r'• e nle one of them '"ri th a, n t r c :"Dl
unle both a mad o n^'. 3,t- t11e r_e time.
U- .r.11 jo!?rOr Clfiven Clev.atlors, the cables of vfl-lich wind _'o17_nd a 0-"Ur'.1
shell be prov-16ed with autom2.tJ.0 11 1 7 0? slack 6211]-E S LO 1 217 Ci '.:'itYl
'1 `-'?l tnr`atic br•`_J.ile of ru7 ficicnt steer'.,(; th to holC, the car and its load`
2.t "3x",T ro-int Of its '(-,-,,-vel._ l]_ E;]_Et L'1! brE"'Tu gh�] j�
b:] i7r cin.k1th 1'1 G' l� _
v- In cc.Sc Of r�.n accident to ,'rl'7 elev^LoY' onex-�,tl.n -
O:r O'7ei' .t0_(' L1--'rEp t ;11 - 7 J ,i 7 u r i G ow?ac_',,
f, 1 V Sh =. Q e t,ie dAit'-, <, 0 1 �. � 0.'110 C f
J.l
%?1f� pl8'v'=.tGT• ni' "he jG''' :0 ] h^.vine con vcl of 1L t0 �. ;clic,.tEl > _- 70:rt
!c L r�c.•f vw� - -
sh.ch ;...,__,i.t co ihr ,one l i,11 i ii p. In ector ?'rho :,.hell r n?:e n e�_,yll=
7_Yl t10_= in to the c`lu,_,e t':161 cof `"nd record a de t, -,sled i'0 `Oi t t;horcof.
)olr'v_,tors dull not be uSe�t t0 c`'rry-OasSei •'''ter 7'r ss
��.. s 1_11e
J_, ] - l s til
t 1 o Fc ,r� E tcl0sed �,__ al]_ ,Ja_cica;, �o a herr t.�.o U ec
�a i Y. J _ ]_ c V U use f ;. e i ,'-'1 t, i� �• _. t, G ._ -o r
°ect, -_ncl ShoulO; it "bo c?.� fix' .ct O s �„ Y .
J '
nc1:'=<yi 1 passE«�e1's all the :l^rC_'alre'_1E11tS 0f this section
D!., e: -e1 e I a 0 shall be coriny7licd 1:rith. ll cppro .c�_c., or Ln-
t�v be r' i ri � elev,--tor h2'tGht.7ayS S -h � F 0` � 1 rl .`, , C
c �.r e -�,-, � _ �, al__ b -,r t'<; c 4e � - �;lzJ�o.-- ' t�
0 cEl_e c10 �__i1` r�. te: 11Ut IESS JG11_11 6 f(,et in hei ht. .Eire doo.i 2,
to el^T'� G0:c eigclosL'. °SES S} l]_ nit be C.ee'^Ot_t Sufficient 'GC, -Moet thi1 z�
r(P yll.ird,-,e�li..
w I'i 2C�ll Ltl.01 lG` the tE;:^rnln�.l gt0'7S reC+U.ized in srnb 2,.ec ty ():Te2-7
Olelvat.oz aperatled or uo-nt:rolle. . by-�oleG�.ic ijG'.'or ^.''i_^l1 rj^-orcvide'.i'
17?itil i in)1t S:71tGt`_es, at t le d0._ 'a )_l bG i tar 0 l - l Cl ;1,
;� f' 211' - c -!Orn d
said t�_minal s*1o_),� �._1c. ^hr'alr'-ecl to aLo>;at:;.Ga.1�_y cut O` -F
J,_ . i` `'
; .r D i!"1 G s J 1Cl ve_' ::]J.i1` l tC')ij �\ f; i! Lo 0y'cr ve .
,Section 78.'n
WICATICT"S YC 'ITrt� T
_...! .Lt�
tGCaisles, t 1(�5L � i1CIeTi�Er t1Oenli2-i1s lC� 'rr
pr 0penin s to outside escapes -shall -be i_�rov_d 7p ace in front
of 171:ladorIs or doors to such openi-ngs 'shall be ke_7t Clear-. )oors an
;71nC�.Ol,s shall swing so as to not interfere trrl. tl1 t^€'VE'l. O cks, 1 f
empl_o-,led, sh_.11 not requi-re key to operate from inside and the
mechanism shall be so placed that it will be within easy reach. Doors
2n(I t,rindq,';S tO 017.tside 'DCcupes Sho]-1 have a minimum width of 30
inches. If cZ001' Or WindOvi sill- is over 24 izlche _ Tice.- of
buil'u.in2, .step; shall be p:rovided havinE. ecu -"1 ri;-=ers, fappr'e::.imately
8 inches high �,nd treads -not Less than � inches i -tide, excl-asive of
nosinr;sw 0utsi0e balconies shall 1_)refera_bly be flush tiith "'!all
o.penin :s, shall nc.vc.r, be above azi(! not r_-forethan 1 foot below wai .1
0p0nin-2.
b- ,."1. �.,... ec.capes of. the stairway ,� t,:� 1 i."1'r" -' Type : ill.' E ., ��.1r11'Ja. � t �' n l n �'
'_ � J ype ,�11u_l c0n,�i t
of balconicN Staii^:Ifays. St0i,_L7�2,ZTS may be placed ^t .�i1 ,�,n`le 0f
Section 78. eon't,
not more then 45 6.egrees, and may be i i svlJeri.ngposed -form
oarn:lloi to of at right an,;les to bu, Idi g) , oJ; strei-ch t, rL i
fczn _to
-,� ian--les, to bu_._dinY, •
,
c- S-)alCorics, balcony floors, e:2d Stairs sb1all be des -
d to carry a ma.Linnu>, live loaO o-` 160 -Po7,rOs .e^ snuare foot
of b 1cc_ 7 and tread. area. (If balcony i'loors C:_ . oma' icor or
steel they sh:f-ll rot be lolls inch thick) > ._11
Su'" �OZt1 1IlG11bGi`�: fJ OIIl b_'.1Co%ii_eU' ld �t21_)^c ?'Jh1C� �.rE i ten.2 or,
the vT�.11 uc cc•[ir.,e on oi-),nosite side, ri�h.
11 dates a.nc. :7'c2: erT nuts, Or t .ey ch-qll be seclire,177 f,-,
ger, cd to
Une ;steel fra-me work o_ 111,ie building. 'Tall I)la,tes shell not be
loss th=e:: 5 ine'r.es snu!,3-re 2ncl 3j8 i.,,ich.er t i:LCk aizci. shall to in--
cre Ged in,. --e whc:i c) a'_'1C Strength 0 f via! are SUcn that
the load cn, a(� ji17 CeCf :*1 �'7 :it. 1-CI_CGi1y a =_CS'
closuxe, and i^ til] r s x11--1.1 be de :iEned to l-!ithstar-d .1 hori.:lol-jtal
_ rG�'c-a:(e Of 200 -pound ;Ger ��J_ni'i n loot of raili"s1` 0, vi2C1oSlilG
171 thout se�'iouc 6,eflecti0rl, :SY1C. :liyl,Crt at
or 2hall be il"i l-ecitied above "Fo ter,"- 0
1 11
rlerlu8£s. O allL`1.Ci7 builctii
- 1.1!�-•l�r��.
"o_
rQ .'O.`i C',_ ii_ j� 1 ^i1 C: 'rl L
be
{' 'Phe mininw>1 clearalzce on «11 points on balcoi.ies and stairs
as measu:sed vertically shall be'7.',, feet.
g- Roof Connections: _M stairways shall be suitably connected
Frith the roof of the bt_ildin& to Which they are attacheci, and if
the surroundings and co_lst-uction are such th�A eZcape by way of
the rool might be necessary, the .cta.ir�mr , shLIll e.itend to the
roof. if the corliiection is only for fire, depai 16me-,lt use, it may
be made 1,11.tii a 1a,dder of the >;ooseneck type.
h- 2a:inting: ) ll lire escapes of ony type erected of iro_r, steel
or other mate-ris.l that will deteriorate 2:�?om rust or clLma—uic
actio -,i, shall have at least -Ivio good coat: of mineral paint i,'ihel-1
erected, and sh<, 11 be-uaintea a.s frequently thereat ter P,U may- be,
necess<.ry to preserve from rust or climatic influences.
i- Testing: On completion and before final approval, all fire
escapes shall be tested by the erector, by the aplicatioil of
a live load of 1 u
60 potuad s or a dead load of 240 pounds per
square foot of area of balconies anal treads, said load to be
simultaneously iI,,i- osed on each b�`�.,lcon1 2i1et the J'iGiZtJ3y8
connected the2e,,i th. 0'a-,i1d, gravel or an;, ot-hier, suitable
col�maodity may be used ii7 applying L:�e degd loa,d test, cJl_t the
load muut be accti..rately weighed anal ap-plied as herein specified
so that the test will be reliable. ''his test Shall be coii-
c?ucted in the ',)-esence of the elate -Zile _-:arsh-1 or his re-
presentative�. �s authori ed by lc.ur, or b.;/ a,ppoir .qeajt. , o-
vided h0�,-uever, , t ]r't the ., gate 2'ire i•.%ar. he ---,1, in lieu of himself
or a personal r e Dres3r,tative to wit,ies :such 'L c; t, may require
the ereci;or to furnish a.rl a.f:Ci&-)vit settin-c, forth tr,at to
L11ril:"_lt'r'1 test L.6 hereii'. Sj)ecifie6 i7as been maCie.
j- Interior 'ill interior fire esca-oes ,:�hlall be placed
uS reLiote from elevator hatchvimys, St_:iri'rays- ai1Ci other 07)ening-S
as the location aia6 co,istructien of the builcli;zg itself brill
perl.�it.
h1r
- :�.ccess: l�i'��C:
eior fi''C eUr�.�"1eS Sh�_1� I,le �,CCG'S:�1(JZ.P. J'VI!1 all
por-i.o.as of the building; which they are uesiGned to serve, ana
loubies, halls, cLiad paosa,E-evrays on each flour 7_e_.d=inE, to escapes
Sh,=-11 0 un0bS 6�'u0ted 4_ri(, ri0 exi t to ar. i:aterior escape s�i,11 be
less then 60 nches :viae and 6 feet 6 inches hiL.h and Siiall be
flush �--ith the floor u-`�o 1 v,7hich it opens.
1- Enclosing' 4'Ja.l1s: The folloi-rin� materials may be used for
enelosirig walls of interior esc4oes:
?4
f Section. 78 Cont.
(1) Brick or plain- solid concrete not less 'than 8 inches in
thickness -for the uppermost 30 feet, increasing 4- inches in
thickness for each lower section of 30_ feet ,or part thereof,
or 8 inches in thickness :for the entire ' heights Wlaen' wholly
supported.at intervals no:t exceeding 30 feet.
(2) Reinforced stone or �r-a,vel concrete not less than 5 inches.
in thickness for .the uppermost 30.. feet, increasing 2 inches in
thickness for. each lower section of 30 feet, or part thereof,
or 3 inches in thickness for entire- height when supported at
lertical intervals not exceeding '20' feet, and braced where
necesse.r,y with lateral supports or suitable � steel uprights.
(3) Reinforced cinder concrete not less than 5 inches in
thickness. for the entire height when supported at vertical in--
tervals not exceeding 15 feet., and braced where necessary with
lateral supports or suitable steel uprights.
(4) Hollow terra cotta blocks laid in cementmortar not less
than 5 inches thick over all or hollow concrete blocks -of ei lher
stone 'or cinder concrete, laid in "cement mortar; not less than.
5 inches thick over- all, 'or solid or hollow blocks consisting of
gypsum containing not more than twenty=five per cent by weight of
cinders, ashes tos."fibre, woos clips or- vegetable fibre, laid in
gypsum plaster or cement mortar tempered wi �uh lime, not less than
5 inches thick over all, or metal lath on -a steel studding cov-
ered with Portland - cement mortar or. gypsum plaster of a finished
thickness of not less -than 2 inches in the -case of solid partitions
nor less than 3 inches in the case of hollow partitions.. All
openings in such walls or pa,rtitio.ns sh�.11 be substantial steel
framing, the vertical,members of which shall be securely attached
to the floor co,.tstruction above arid riollow.
m- Door and Window. Openings: All door 'op'enings shall ' be pro
tecte'd by .the'use' of automatic or self-closing fire doors of
-standard manufacture, and where automatic fire doors are used,.
the same Shall be- enclosed., in recess partitions.
All window openings shall, have. metal sash and wired glass.
n- Stairways-: Interior stairway fire escapes -shall be con-
struoted'so as to carry the same maximum loading asIexterior
stairways and the maximum pitch shallbe 45 degrees. The
width of the ,stairways shall be at least 44 inches between faces
of walls; or 40 inches wide between -fa.ce of, wall" an,d an open
balustr ad e�, or bet: een two open balustre,des.. ' All such widths
shall be clear of -all obstructions -except that hand rails
attached to walls may project -not more. than. 3.�° inches wi-thin' them.
If newels project above' tops of rails; a clear width of at least
44 inches shall be provided between the faces of the newel and the -
face .o f the wall of newel .oppo si to-.. - All stairs shall be provided
with hand" rails on both -sides. The= -height of risers shall not be
more than . 8 inches; and the width of tread not be less than
8 .inches, ,exclusive of nosings, and risers and treads ,shall be
uniform iri height and width throughout 'each flight. Treads
known as ",,spirals'l-or' "winders" shall not be permitted btween
level of top floor and the street.
Interior stairways shall' be continuous starting- a' and
floor (shall never descend, --to basement) and. shall extend through
roof, terminating in a penthouse constructed of non-com ustible
material With self-closing fire door.
0- Lighting: All interior stairway fire escapes shall be' pro=
vided' with an adequate system of lighting so (arranged that it
will operate should the regular lighting system be -disabled.
75
Straight Chute .Fire :uiscapes for Exterior or Interior use.
p- Material; Iron, steel; concrete, or other fire -proof material
of equal -strength may be. 'used.
q- Strength and Construction: The strength and weight of
material, and the anchorage to the building must be '.such as- will
meet the requirements of ,working stress and maximum loading, the
same as for stairway escapes. The material" must also be of such
a nature that it will take a smooth or polished" surface.
The landing or sweep shall be. placed on a concrete. base -and.
shall be sufficieizt in length in proportion -to the length of the
chute, together with the convexity. o f . its surface, to check the
momentum attained through gravity, and afford a safe stop: The
sweep shall. be at least 6 inches wider than the chute on either
Side, where 4all construction will allow, 'and there shall be no
sharp edges or ragged pro jections,.- exposed.
Balcony at top floor .shall be connected with the roof ' either
by stairway or ladder of the gooseneck 'type. -
Intervening balconies shall be, so -arranged that they will- no"t
interfere with gravity slide from floors abo4e.
Struignt chute type es.ca.pes . shall not be placed at 2n angle of
more than 45 degrees.
r.- Strength and Construction;.. The material used must possess.
Sufficient strength to, meet the, requirements of working stress and
safe loading the same as in. other types of 'escapes. .
The spiral, chute may .be constructed in the form of a helical .
slide around a central. 'core, the slide to be ,enclosed in a wall
or railing constructed in such ma ner s to assure safety in
descent., - The slide shall terminate nas
not more than 3 feet above
landing,, and be so -arranged .than normal landing .will be in
standing position:
S- Painting of '.Fire Escapes. All -,the parts of such fire. escapes
shall receive not less- than two coats .of paint one in .the shop
and the ;other after .erection; ' and the owner of any .building: upon
which a fire escape, is .erected shall keep the same in good
repair and properly painted:
t- All buildings requiring fire escapes shall nave st.a.tionary-
iron' ladders leading to the'_- scuttle opening in the roof. thereon,
and all scuttles 'and ladders shall•,be kept so 'as to be ready
for use -at all times. If a bulkhead is used in place of a
scuttle,, it shall have stairs with sufficient guard or hand
rail leading to the roof. In case .the building shall be
occupied by more than one family,, the ' door in .the bulkhead
or any scuttle . shall at no time be, docked,. and may be' fasten Ied
on the inside by movable bolts. or hooks.
Section 79.
MOTION' PICTURE TBI;11'EES-ThExi,ES-PlJ L,IC HALLS:
a- Buildings to be used for public gatherings. of any. character ,
shall be constructed thruoiut of fire resisting material'.
fiyCcu- e_�:Jl.�'..•
b- The booth nG,Ltion 'Acture theatxes must no -t be placed direct-
ly over an exit, and in all cases shall be securely anchored.,or
fastened so as to prevent'dislodgment in case -o-f panic and- shall
be placed at the end of building opposite the. street entrance.
76
Section 79 Const.
c- Each room., compartment,. booth' or enclosure, :in •which a motion
picture machine or- device is installed, shall be .not less than
seven feet in height with area of floor space varying in accord-
ance with the number of machines or devices.` installed in such
booth as follows; a
One picture machine 6 X -8 . Feet.
One picture machine and one
ster opticon 9 X . 8 -Feet.
Two picture machines and one
steronticon 12 X 8 Feet.
d All doorwaysshall be two feet. vide by at least five feet high
with -an angle iron f-'aming. S id doorways shall not open into
main auditorium and shall be equipped with , a strong spring or
gravity wbight to keep same tightly -closed but not _locked. when
motion picture machine is .in operation..
e- All joints in frames to be made with 3-16 inch steel plates
to which each angle iron or tee iron shall be riveted or bolted
by the use of at least two r inch `bolts .or rivets. . All bolts
or rivets to have flat heads, said heads always to'be placed on
exterior side of booth and properly countersunk.
f- There shall be -not more than -two openings in the booth. for
each machine, one:for observation by the operator and one for
operation of the -machine. Opening for machine shall not be
more than 4 inches -wide nor more than 12 inches high`. The tyro
openings for each machine shall be provided with gravity doors,
constructed of -metal not less than' 3-16 inch in ,thickness; when
closed they shall o-�erlap the .openings at:least two inches .on .
all sides. and be' arranged to slide',vithout binding. in properly
constructed grooves, , said doors to .be held open normally by use
of a fine combustible. cord fastened .to' a fusible _link which melts
-at a temperature of 160 .degrees F:,, the whole so arranged that the
doors will close automatically upon . the severing of the. cord or
the fusing of .thee --link.
g- The main or entrance door shall be hung on at least three -
heavy hinges and arranged to close against a substantial metal
rabbet. the door shall,also be provided with a substantial.-
spring whioh trill- keep it closed tightly.
h= All shelves, furniture and fixtures within the booth ~shall be
constructed of incombustible material
i- Booths shall be provided with- a ventilating inlet in each' of,
three sides; said -inlets to. be, fifteen inches loci, and three
inches high, the lower side of same to be not more than three -
inches above floor level. Said inlets shall -bo -covered on the .
outside by a wire netting of not greater than 1/8 inch.mesh, to
be firmly secured to metal .or ceiling by mems. of iron strips and
screvrs or rivets and on inside by gravity doors arranged to .
slide in properly constructed grooves, and Which when closed
shall overlap ventilator openings at least thio inches on all sides;.
said doors to be .held 'open normally by use of a fine combustible
cord -Fastened- to a' fusible; link which melts at a temperature
of 160. degrees F., so arranged,, that -the doors will automatically
close upon the severing of the cord or the fusing of the link.
j---I-,Tear the center of the top, of the booth ,shall be, a circular
opening of not less. than ten inches in .diameter, the upper, side
of said ope_ ing to be provided viith an iron flange, which flange
shall be securely.-fastezled to 'roof. Securely .fastened to 'u1is
flange. shall be a metallic vent -pipe of not less than tell inches
in diamoer, said, .pipe leading to the outside of the- build,inig
7rj -
I
Section 79 Con` t.
or to a special incombustible vent slue; all pprts of vent
pipe to be at least six inches from any combustible material.
k- If room, compartment, booth or enclosure is constructed of
brick, the or concrete, it shall have walls of not less in
thickness than eight inches, except that it' reinforced con-
crete is used the thickness need only be 'four inches. The
ventilation F_nd general arrangement -of the booth and the pro-
tection of openings s1r, 'all conform with the requirements of
sub -division preceding.
1- Where it is desired to exhibit motion pictures tempor ari.ly,
in places of assemblage, such as halls belonging to civic or
coiiunercia,l organizations, churches, schools etc; such ex-
hibitions shall be givelA ith a;pproved slor.r burning- or non-
iriflamma,ble film, and machines approved for use with such
films without a booth. However, if a porta.-ble booth is
used, its construction may follow the specifications for a
permanent 'Tooth with the following exceptions:
Intermediate uprights may be spaced every four feet.
Special means for ventilation need not be -provided el-cept that
there shall be an opening for ventilation in the top of the
booth, this opening to be ten niches in diameter and a iiletal
sleeve at least eighteen, inches- in height, -provided with a
veiatila.ting cap, shall be attache d thereto. The booth may
be made in a folding type so constructed that when assembled
it �--iillbe rigid and all joints tight so that flames may not
pass thru them.
m- The base of booth shall have a flange extension outward on
all four sides provided with a numijer of holes, thru which the booth
may be, fastened to floor.
n- Picture ID chij1e. _lll motion picture machines shall be of
an approved type and shall be equip -bed i,lith the necessary
automatic devices to protect the film .from ignition while being
projected, in case of --ccident to the machines mechanism, or
its failure Lo function properly.
0- ll picture machines shall be securely fastened to the floor
to prevent accidental over -turning or moving of same.
p- Picture machines may be o-pera.ted by hand or by approved
electrical power.
c'- T,io artificial light shall be used in any room, compartment
or booth in which a motion picture machine 'is instt_.11ed except
that produced by electricity. One light allowed for each . -I<✓
ma,chiile and one for the re%Yii7di n` bench, bi:tt >�,11 such lithts
shall be provided wit wire , �za.rds and reinforced cord shell
be used for peridlant purposes.
r- -,'ill seats in uhe main auditori-um, balcony and gallery of
motion -pictu2�0 theatero shall not be .less than thirty-t1r:o
inches rieasured from oack to back and oe securely 'L:astelled to
the Iloo-c-, exceptinE,. those i.li boxes or 10geE'. Seats shall
be so a.rraii`'ed t1iat there will not �be ;Wore th<�r� ten in n line
bett-s,e'en. aisle U, nor more than four bet; -Teen any seat ana 211 aisle.
S_ i;o aisle shell be less than three feet in where they
begin ani shall be increased in width toward the main exits
inches to every ten running- feet length. !L11 aisles shall leaddireculy to e ix;s 3i1d shall be kept open and free. from any ou-
struction .
78
.. A 1�
�.:
' Section '79 Con't.
t- Exit s;-Every:,"mo tion p.ic.ture' theater shall .be prowided,with
at least two �se1)ara:te exits, ''one - o.f which shall be in front
and the other'.in the .rear,. both leading to. unobs.tructed out-,
lets on the str:ee t or alley." Exits on the side 'may be sub,- -
s.tituted for exits in the rear, provided: they. -open into a
court leading .to street. or alle J.. The aggregate wid th' in
feet of such exits shall rbe not. less than .one. -twentieth of
the number of persons to 'be accomodated thereby. Ido exit shall
be less then five feet in width ,and the -main exit shall be not
less than ten feet in total width. .6alcony and gallery each
must have .an independbnt.exit not -less thai'i five .feet in width.
opening directly "to . a `stairway .or 'fire escape leading• to '
street .or open'"oourt or alley.- Aggregate width of exit, space .
for balcony and,"gallery shall be not less than one foot to each
Llwen ,y seating capacity.- Exits _ shall be used for no purpose z—t?,-v
than exit and —entrance—and must. be. kept• free and. clear.
All exits ,shall be plainly indicated by .a sign, bearing the word
'Exit' the letter's. of which shall not be. less than, four inches
in height, to be illuminated by electricity or other means. If'
electricially' illiuninated the circuit shall be separate and
independent of 'the supply from ,other ,arts of the theater, '•and
there shall be riot more than one set o i fuses in any exit sig
circuit between the service fuse's and- sign.
All exit .door.s shall be .a.rrangea to seting outward and be pro-
vided with fastenings such as can 'be opened readily from the
inside without the use of keys or any special . effort, out not
locked When the room is open .to' the public..
u- Lights and wiring, auditorium: 'll electrical wiring in, the
theater for either lights- or fan circuits shallbe, done accord-
ing to -the rules 'of the i?ational Electrical code. Lights in
foyers, halls, corridors and other''parts.of the build ing.us- .ed
by the 'audience shall_ be controlled only -from the lobby 'or other
convenient placin front of the house, 'and there shall be tw.o
e'
circuits into the: auditorium, one contro,ll-ed. by the operator in
booth and one controlled from -without the auditorium, 'in.,1'obby
",-or outside th'e entrance.
v- Fire Protection:- Every motion. picture theater shall, be;
equipped with ap)r.oved .labeled hand chemical fire ; extingu .skiers
-as follows:-
One extinguisher of the• carbon tetrachoride. type located in an
accessible. place within easy readh of the operator of the picture
machines.
One extinguisher- of the soda and acid type two and one half gallon -
size, located outside of and near 'theentrance door to booth.
In addition to the. two extinguishers prescribed for booth arf,
machines. protection there' shall be one soda and acid type',:. t-�-ro
and one. half gallon size extinguisher for.ea'ch two thousand•�qu�re;feet
of floor. space, occupied as a theater with 9 minimum..of one-eex-
tinguisher in each of the main auditorium, balcony and gallery. _
Soda and acid extinguishers must be recharged once each year and -
have .tab attached showing date last charged.
79
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